racing sailboats cost

Sail GP: how do supercharged racing yachts go so fast? An engineer explains

Head of Engineering, Warsash School of Maritime Science and Engineering, Solent University

Disclosure statement

Jonathan Ridley does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

View all partners

Sailing used to be considered as a rather sedate pastime. But in the past few years, the world of yacht racing has been revolutionised by the arrival of hydrofoil-supported catamarans, known as “foilers”. These vessels, more akin to high-performance aircraft than yachts, combine the laws of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to create vessels capable of speeds of up to 50 knots, which is far faster than the wind propelling them.

An F50 catamaran preparing for the Sail GP series recently even broke this barrier, reaching an incredible speed of 50.22 knots (57.8mph) purely powered by the wind. This was achieved in a wind of just 19.3 knots (22.2mph). F50s are 15-metre-long, 8.8-metre-wide hydrofoil catamarans propelled by rigid sails and capable of such astounding speeds that Sail GP has been called the “ Formula One of sailing ”. How are these yachts able to go so fast? The answer lies in some simple fluid dynamics.

As a vessel’s hull moves through the water, there are two primary physical mechanisms that create drag and slow the vessel down. To build a faster boat you have to find ways to overcome the drag force.

The first mechanism is friction. As the water flows past the hull, a microscopic layer of water is effectively attached to the hull and is pulled along with the yacht. A second layer of water then attaches to the first layer, and the sliding or shearing between them creates friction.

On the outside of this is a third layer, which slides over the inner layers creating more friction, and so on. Together, these layers are known as the boundary layer – and it’s the shearing of the boundary layer’s molecules against each other that creates frictional drag.

A yacht also makes waves as it pushes the water around and under the hull from the bow (front) to the stern (back) of the boat. The waves form two distinctive patterns around the yacht (one at each end), known as Kelvin Wave patterns.

These waves, which move at the same speed as the yacht, are very energetic. This creates drag on the boat known as the wave-making drag, which is responsible for around 90% of the total drag. As the yacht accelerates to faster speeds (close to the “hull speed”, explained later), these waves get higher and longer.

These two effects combine to produce a phenomenon known as “ hull speed ”, which is the fastest the boat can travel – and in conventional single-hull yachts it is very slow. A single-hull yacht of the same size as the F50 has a hull speed of around 12 mph.

However, it’s possible to reduce both the frictional and wave-making drag and overcome this hull-speed limit by building a yacht with hydrofoils . Hydrofoils are small, underwater wings. These act in the same way as an aircraft wing, creating a lift force which acts against gravity, lifting our yacht upwards so that the hull is clear of the water.

While an aircraft’s wings are very large, the high density of water compared to air means that we only need very small hydrofoils to produce a lot of the important lift force. A hydrofoil just the size of three A3 sheets of paper, when moving at just 10 mph, can produce enough lift to pick up a large person.

This significantly reduces the surface area and the volume of the boat that is underwater, which cuts the frictional drag and the wave-making drag, respectively. The combined effect is a reduction in the overall drag to a fraction of its original amount, so that the yacht is capable of sailing much faster than it could without hydrofoils.

The other innovation that helps boost the speed of racing yachts is the use of rigid sails . The power available from traditional sails to drive the boat forward is relatively small, limited by the fact that the sail’s forces have to act in equilibrium with a range of other forces, and that fabric sails do not make an ideal shape for creating power. Rigid sails, which are very similar in design to an aircraft wing, form a much more efficient shape than traditional sails, effectively giving the yacht a larger engine and more power.

As the yacht accelerates from the driving force of these sails, it experiences what is known as “ apparent wind ”. Imagine a completely calm day, with no wind. As you walk, you experience a breeze in your face at the same speed that you are walking. If there was a wind blowing too, you would feel a mixture of the real (or “true” wind) and the breeze you have generated.

The two together form the apparent wind, which can be faster than the true wind. If there is enough true wind combined with this apparent wind, then significant force and power can be generated from the sail to propel the yacht, so it can easily sail faster than the wind speed itself.

The combined effect of reducing the drag and increasing the driving power results in a yacht that is far faster than those of even a few years ago. But all of this would not be possible without one further advance: materials. In order to be able to “fly”, the yacht must have a low mass, and the hydrofoil itself must be very strong. To achieve the required mass, strength and rigidity using traditional boat-building materials such as wood or aluminium would be very difficult.

This is where modern advanced composite materials such as carbon fibre come in. Production techniques optimising weight, rigidity and strength allow the production of structures that are strong and light enough to produce incredible yachts like the F50.

The engineers who design these high-performance boats (known as naval architects ) are always looking to use new materials and science to get an optimum design. In theory, the F50 should be able to go even faster.

• Engineering
• Aerodynamics

Want to write?

Write an article and join a growing community of more than 181,000 academics and researchers from 4,921 institutions.

Register now

The Laser is the world’s most popular adult racing class boat. True to box one design standards, each Laser in the world is identical ensuring the best sailor on the water wins the race, not the boat. The Laser is a challenging boat that rewards athleticism, subtle steering and trimming techniques, as well as the tactical excellence of the sailor. The Laser has been raced by young and old alike from the Club level all the way to the Olympics. It comes in 2 different hardware versions XD, for racers and the ones looking for a more thrilling sailing experience and the Race, more suitable for the leisure sailors and club racing. Each hardware version has 3 rig possibilities, the Standard , the Radial and the 4.7  for the heaviest/more athletic to the lighter and younger sailors.

The world’s premier racing dinghy. The Weekender (name of the first prototype), with “TGIF” (Thank God It’s Friday) on the sail was designed in 1969 and quickly revolutionized the racing world with its speed and simplicity. It was called Laser in November 1970 and the production started the same year. It was launched at the New York Boat Show, its uniform design and affordable price attracted sailors and 144 Lasers were sold. Laser sails were identical due to modern laser cutting thus setting a standard for future racing classes. Today this timeless design is by far the most popular adult and youth racing boat worldwide. It is raced by many of the world’s top sailors and has been an Olympic class since 1996. The Laser’s full size rig rewards athleticism and is best for heavier, more experienced sailors, but it can easily be converted to a Radial or 4.7 by changing just the sail and bottom spar. When you race a Laser, one hull goes a long way. Just changing the lower mast and sail, you can convert any boat from Laser to Radial to 4.7. The advantage of this interchangeable formula is that you can easily switch boats as you become older, heavier or more experienced. Each rig helps you prepare for the next, so you get a step-by-step progression that can take you all the way from a beginning racer to World Champion!

The Laser has 2 hardware versions and 3 different rigs. Each uses exactly the same hull and foils, by lower mast and sail will make it suitable for a wide variety of sailors. This offers a unique step-by-step progression that makes it easy to switch models as a sailor change in age, ability or weight.

Two hardware versions to fulfill every sailor needs

• XD – For the ones looking for more performance – Carbon Fibre Upper Mast – Carbon Fibre Tiller and Extension – LaserPerformance Vang
• Race – For Recreational Sailing or Club Racing – Aluminium Upper Mast – Aluminium Tiller and Extension – Holt Vang

Three rig versions to suit every sailor

• Standard – 7.1sqm sail for heavier and more athletic sailors
• Radial – 5.1sqm sail for women, and lighter sailors
• 4.7 – 4.7sqm for youth and lighter females

The Laser is a true sailing phenomenon

With nearly 200,000 boats in 140 countries, it is clearly the world’s most popular adult and youth racing sailboat. Each year the Laser Class runs more races worldwide than any other class. And it’s still going strong! For almost four decades, the Laser has been a sailing success story. One reason is the boat’s sheer simplicity. From its very beginning, the Laser has offered an uncomplicated way for sailors to experience the joy of sailing and the thrill of competition. Many other qualities combine to make the Laser a legendary performer.

Effortless design

The Laser was created to get sailors on the water with minimal fuss. It has a lightweight hull that’s easy to carry and cartop. The two-part free-standing mast and sleeved sail make the boat easy to rig. And the simple layout means sailing is a breeze.

Strict One Design

The Laser is one design boat like no other. The class association is very strong and has strict class rules, so every Laser around the world is identical. This means races are won by sailing ability, not by equipment advantages.

Interchangeable formula

The Laser comes in three distinct models – the full-rig Laser, Laser Radial and Laser 4.7. Each uses exactly the same hull and equipment, except the sails and bottom spar can be changed to fit a wide variety of sailors. This offers a unique step-by-step progression that makes it easy to switch models as a sailor change in age, ability or weight.

Racing pedigree

Because Lasers are simple and identical, they provide exciting competition and a great chance to develop racing skills. Many of the world’s top sailors come through the Laser ranks, and both the Laser and Radial are current Olympic classes. No sailor is too inexperienced or too advanced to race a Laser. That’s why Lasers last a lifetime.

Superb value

The Laser’s simplicity, popularity and one design nature make it very economical. The Laser Class limits and controls go-fast extras, thus the boat will never be outdated, which explains why Lasers have such a high resale value. Whether it’s a local club race or the World Championships, every Laser has exactly the same chance of winning. And a young sailor can go all the way to the top of the sport in the same hull. That is Laser’s simple formula for success.

75.99 ft 2 7.06 m 2

13.78 FT 4.20 M

4.56 FT 1.39 M

2.62 FT 0.80 M

130 LB 58.97 KG

Beginner->Expert

Club->International

BOAT LIGHTNESS

TIME TO WATER

SKILL LEVEL

62 ft 2 5.76 m 2

13.78 FT 4.20M

50.59 ft 2 4.70 m 2

PARTS LOCATOR

RIGGING MANUAL

• Parts & Accessories

Privacy Overview

• AROUND THE SAILING WORLD
• BOAT OF THE YEAR
• Email Newsletters
• Best Marine Electronics & Technology
• America’s Cup
• St. Petersburg
• Caribbean Championship
• Boating Safety

PHRF Racing: Choosing a Boat

• By Bruce Bingman
• Updated: September 18, 2013

Many factors go into buying a sailboat, including price, availability, style, and how much the boat will be used off the racecourse. At the risk of adding another facet to an already complicated decision, we tasked PHRF guru Bruce Bingman with identifying a few boats that are likely to sail above their rating in certain conditions. As is the case with any single-number rating system, every boat will have a sweet spot, a combination of wind strength, sea state, and course configuration under which it will be tough to beat.

For this exercise we asked Bingman to focus on boats that would be predominantly raced in club-level weeknight or weekend races. We wanted boats that are lively, fun to sail, and available. In addition, we restricted him to boats with an average PHRF rating of 30 or greater. Below that number you tend to find dry-sailed race boats requiring professionally managed programs, which are beyond the scope of this exercise, and usually too fast to really race in most local series.

It goes without saying that for any even halfway serious racing, preparation is as important as the boat selected or the handicap rating with which it comes. We’ve all heard it 1,000 times before: There is no substitute for good sails, reliable gear, and a smooth bottom. You may think your two- or three-year-old sails look fine, but you will pick up 6 seconds per mile and more with a new inventory. The most carefully selected boat or the most favorable rating won’t help you overcome a mid-race breakdown such as a broken halyard or jammed winch. A dirty bottom can cost you 30-plus seconds per mile. Even a thin layer of slime will cost you 3 seconds per mile. So pick your weapon, gear up, burnish your bottom, and head for the start.

• Typical conditions: Waves and chop, strong but fading sea breeze
• **Typical racecourses: Multiple lap windward-leewards **

My summer weeknight beercan series is conducted outside the harbor, on an exposed ocean racecourse, so it’s usually choppy. Winds are typically strong sea breezes (15-plus knots) at the start of the race, but lighten as the race progresses. The race committee typically runs one long, three-leg, windward-leeward race.

Here’s where you want the dependable offshore workhorse, and there are many options. A moderate displacement boat, a powerful rig, and a sea-kindly hull will produce a boat that drives upwind, through chop, and carries a spinnaker large enough to preserve a lead.

PHRF 30 to 70: The Beneteau 40.7 is a great offshore racer that provides superior upwind ability in choppy, breezy conditions. Great for a distance races, too.

PHRF 71 to 114: The Beneteau 42s has power and waterline rolled together in a single package. The sails are big, so it requires recruiting some young bucks to help get around the course.

PHRF 115 and up: The Cal 40 is a classic design with the ability to go up and down the course in any condition.

• ** Typical conditions: Flat water, shifty winds can be strong or light**
• Typical racecourses: Mix of random leg and windward-leeward

My local weeknight beercan series is conducted on a sheltered, narrow lake, with very shifty winds, but no current. Winds tend to be at either end of the spectrum: It’s either drifter light or wipeout windy. Because of the prevailing direction and narrowness of the lake, there’s usually a lot of maneuvers on the random-leg courses.

In this scenario we’re looking for light boats that are on the smaller end of the size range for each of the rating bands, but still retain the ability to perform in breezier conditions.

PHRF 30 to 70: Although the Henderson 30 can be a handful in bigger breeze, it’s an excellent light-air performer and reaches like a bandit.

PHRF 71 to 114: The Antrim 27 is a very fast and fun light-air performer that’s great in a breeze, so long as there’s not a lot of chop.

PHRF 115 and up: The B-25 , Leif Bailey’s original sporty speedster, is almost unbeatable under these conditions. An excellent, all-around performer that’s easy to drive around the course, and can still be found at reasonable prices.

• ** Typical conditions: Flat water, moderate winds**
• Typical racecourses: Random legs, all points of sail

My weeknight series is conducted in protected bay waters, with an average current of .5 to 1 knot, and generally flat water (with some chop at the upper wind range). Winds in the summer average 10 to 15 knots, and the organizing committee will typically run courses using government marks, requiring a mix of sailing angles.

In this scenario we want a boat with good all-around performance, especially for headsail reaches, a point of sail where many modern boats with non-overlapping headsails struggle. The 10- to 15-knot wind range is plenty to power most boats, so a very light boat, carrying a penalty for high sail-area-to-displacement ratio, will be at a disadvantage. This is particularly true in a “waterline” race, where a higher hull speed trumps maneuverability. On the other hand, a moderately light displacement boat with not too much wetted surface will ensure you’re not left out in the cold should the wind go light.

PHRF 30 to 70: The J/120 has consistently demonstrated excellent all-around performance to its typical rating.

PHRF 71 to 114: Either the Frers 41 or the J/29 masthead outboard. Both of these boats have overlapping headsails and enough power to get around the course and through the reaches. Which one is best would be dictated by local class splits. It’s generally desirable to be toward the faster end of the class.

PHRF 115 and up: The S2 9.1 was a MORC slayer in its heyday. It’s a very fast, but comfortable, 30-footer with a powerful overlapping headsail and long waterline.

• Typical conditions: Steep chop, moderate winds
• ** Typical racecourses: Windward-leeward**

The races in my weeknight series are held on open, exposed, and typically choppy water, especially in moderate winds. The summer average is 10 knots, and the race committee usually runs windward-leeward courses.

Windward-leeward races are typically won upwind and lost downwind. In this scenario we’re looking for boats that will have good light-air performance to weather while retaining the advantage downwind. We also want to look for boats with relatively fine bow sections to get through the chop.

PHRF 30 to 70: The Farr 30 is still one of the best small windward-leeward boats ever designed (owner bias aside). It’s light and easily driven, but has a fine bow that can cut through the chop when needed. Thanks to the masthead spinnaker, it excels downwind in all breezes.

PHRF 71 to 114: The J/35 has excellent all-around traits. This workhorse provides great performance in the medium breeze, and the overlapping headsail really helps drive through the chop.

PHRF 115 and up: The C&C 35 MK I is often overlooked. With its low wetted surface, overlapping headsail, and narrow beam, it’s an excellent performer, particularly in the chop. The Mark III model, which has a deeper keel and more modern rudder design, is a strong windward performer, but pays in the rating game and is typically a good deal more costly.

• More: Handicap Racing , Sailboat Racing , Sailboats
• More Sailboats

Nautor Swan Has A New Pocket Rocket

Pogo Launches its Latest Coastal Rocket

A Deeper Dive Into the Storm 18

2024 Boat of the Year Best Recreational Racer: Z24

One-Design Wingfoil Racing Takes Off

The Wisdom of Augie Diaz

Brauer Sails into Hearts, Minds and History

• Digital Edition
• Customer Service
• Privacy Policy
• Cruising World
• Sailing World
• Salt Water Sportsman
• Sport Fishing
• Wakeboarding

Yachting World

• Digital Edition

America’s Cup boats: How they work and why they’re unique

• Toby Heppell
• February 5, 2021

The America's Cup boats to be used on the 2021 edition of the event are unlike anything we have seen before. They might be officially sailing craft but they behave in some remarkable ways.

The AC75s, the America’s Cup boats currently racing in the Prada Cup and that will be used for next month’s Cup match showdown, are arguably the most radical boat the America’s Cup has ever seen. 

The America’s Cup is, fundamentally, a design competition, and successive America’s Cups have featured the most extreme yachts yet – for their time – ever since the first race in 1851 .  

However, the foiling boats we have seen in the last three editions of America’s Cup racing (the AC72 and AC50 catamarans, and now the AC75 monohulls ) do represent a new direction for the highest level of sailing. 

There are plenty who argue that this technology is so far beyond the bounds of what most people consider sailing as to be an entirely different sport. Equally, there are those who believe this is simply a continuation of the development that the America’s Cup has always pushed to the fore, from Bermudan rigs, to composite materials, winged keels, and everything in between.

Good arguments can be made either way and foiling in the world’s oldest sporting trophy will always be a subjective and controversial topic. But one thing is certain: the current America’s Cup boats, the AC75s, are unlike anything seen before and are showcasing to the world just what is possible under sail power alone.   

American Magic hit an impressive 53.3 knots on their final weekend of racing. Photo: COR 36/Studio Borlenghi

1 Unimaginable speed

In their final race before being knocked out of the competition , American Magic’s Patriot registered a top speed of 53.3 knots during a bear away. 

Topping the 50-knot barrier used to be the preserve of extreme speed record craft and kiteboarders. A World Speed Sailing Record was set in 2009 of 51.36 knots by Alain Thebault in his early foiling trimaran, Hydroptere , and was bested in 2010 by kite boarder, Alexandre Caizergues who managed 54.10 knots.

O nly one craft has ever topped 60-knots, the asymmetric Vestas Sail Rocket , which was designed for straight line speed only and could no more get around an America’s Cup course than cross an ocean. Such records are set by sailing an average speed over the course of 500m, usually over a perfectly straight, flat course in optimum conditions.

America’s Cup class yachts, designed to sail windward/leeward courses around marks, are now hitting speeds that just over a decade ago were the preserve of specialist record attempts, while mid-race.

Perhaps even more impressive, in the right conditions when racing we have seen some boats managing 40 knots of boatspeed upwind in around 17 knots of wind. That is simply unheard of in performance terms and almost unimaginable just three or so years ago. 

Photo: COR 36/Studio Borlenghi

2 A storm onboard America’s Cup boats

Related to the speeds the boats are sailing through the water, particularly upwind, is the wind speeds the sailors will feel on deck. 

When sailing, the forward motion affects the wind we experience onboard, known as apparent wind. The oft’ trotted out explanation of how apparent wind works is to imagine driving your car at 50mph. Roll down the window and stick your hand out of it and there will be 50mph of wind hitting your hand from the direction your car is travelling.

Article continues below…

America’s Cup: Schedule and how to follow the racing

The teams are there, the boats are there, and finally after two months of AC75 racing in Auckland, for the…

America’s Cup Challengers: The view from Auckland

Reversing the odds over the space of four weeks where the worst performing America’s Cup team became the best and…

So when an AC75 is sailing upwind in 18 knots of breeze at a boatspeed of 40 knots, the crew on deck will be experiencing 40 knots of wind over the decks plus a percentage of the true wind speed – depending on their angle to the wind. 

The AC75 crews might be sailing in only 18 knots of breeze – what would feel like a decent summer breeze on any other boat – but they experience winds of around 50 knots.

To put that into context, that is a storm force 10 on the Beaufort scale!

Once up on the foil, everything to windward of the leeward foil generates righting moment. Photo: COR 36/Studio Borlenghi

3 Righting moment changes  

The single most radical development of the AC75 is to take a 75ft ‘keelboat’, but put no keel on it whatsoever. 

When the America’s Cup Defender and the Challenger of Record, Emirates Team New Zealand and Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli respectively, announced the 36th America’s Cup would be sailed in 75ft monohulls, conventional wisdom had it that the boats would look something like a TP52 or a Maxi72 – both impressively high performance keelboats.  

By doing away with the keel entirely, the design is now like nothing we have ever seen, particularly when it comes to how dynamic the power transition is between foiling and not foiling. 

The boats are designed to foil on the leeward foil, with the windward one raised to help increase righting moment: to help balance the boat. This means that when the AC75 is not foiling they are extremely tippy – much more so than most other boats of the same size.

Essentially, when the wind catches the sails, the boat wants to fall over as there is too much sail area for the amount of weight underneath the boat – something a lead keel usually counters on a yacht or keelboat. 

Once the boat is up and on the foils, however, that all changes, as everything to windward of the single foil in the water balances the sails. That means, the hull, the crew weight, the sail and rig weight, and the windward foil, all work to counter the sails. 

What all this means is that the boats go from being extremely tippy, to hugely powerful in just the few seconds it takes to get up on the foil. “The [AC75s] are really very tippy pre-foiling and then they go through the transition where they will need to build significant power. Then immediately [once they lift off] you have more stability than, well, take your pick, but certainly more righting moment than something like a Volvo 70 with a big canting keel.

“That change all happens in a very short space of time,” explained Burns Fallow of North Sails, who was one of the team who developed the soft wing concept back when the concept was revealed. 

With lift created to windward by the foils, it is possible that the boats can sail diagonally to windward. Photo: COR 36/Studio Borlenghi

4 America’s Cup boats may not be heading where they point

With the AC75 sailing on its foil, drag is dramatically reduced, vast amounts of power can be generated and so speeds rapidly increase. But the foils can serve another purpose too. 

In order to be able to lift each foil out of the water, the foil arms must be able to be raised and lowered. Hence the foil wings, which sit at the bottom of the foil arms (and are usually a T or Y shape), do not always sit perpendicular to the water surface and the AC75s often sail with them canted over to something nearer 45º to the surface.

The further out the leeward foil arm is canted – essentially more raised – the closer the AC75 flies to surface and, crucially, the more righting moment is generated as the hull and rest of the boat gets further from the lifting surface of the foil.  

There is another positive to this: as the lifting foil is angled, it produces lift to windward, which can force the boat more towards the wind than the angle it is sailing. 

Due to this negative leeway (as it is known when a foil creates lift to windward) the boat can be pointing at a compass heading of say 180º but in fact will be sailing at eg 177º as the foil pushes the boat sideways and to weather, essentially sailing to windward somewhat diagonally. 

5 The foils are heavy. Very heavy.

As the foils work to provide stability to the boat (when it is stationary both foils are dropped all the way down to stop it tipping over) and to provide massive amounts of righting moment, they are incredibly heavy.

A pair of foil wings and flaps (excluding the one-design foil arm which attaches them to the boat and lifts them up and down) weigh 1842kg. To put that into perspective, the entire boat itself with all equipment (but without the crew) weighs between 6508kg and 6538kg. So the foil wings at the base of the foil arms are nearly ⅓ of the total weight of the boat. 

It is partly due to this that you will see some teams with bulbs on their foils. If you decide to go for a skinny foil wing (which would be low drag and so faster) then there will not be enough volume to cram sufficient material in to make the foil weigh enough. So some teams have decided to add a bulb in order to make it weigh enough but to also keep a less draggy, slimmer foil shape. 

6 Sails can invert at the head

As with everything on the AC75, the mainsail is a relatively new concept. It consists of two mainsails which are attached to both corners of a D-shaped mast tube. This has the effect of creating a profile similar to a wing. 

It is well established that solid wing sails are more efficient at generating power than a soft sail and for this reason solid wings were used in both the America’s Cup in 2013 and 2017. But there are drawbacks with a wing: they cannot be lowered if something goes wrong and require a significant amount of manpower and a crane to put it on or take it off a boat. 

One reason a wing makes for such a powerful sail is that the shape can be manipulated from top to bottom fairly easily with the right controls. With the AC75 the designers wanted a sail that could have some of this manipulation, produce similar power but could also be dropped while out on the water. The twin skin, ‘soft wing’ is what they came up with for this class of America’s Cup boat.

In addition to the usual sail controls, within the rules, the teams are allowed to develop systems for controlling the top 2m of the mainsail and the bottom 1.5m. 

What this means is that the teams are able to manipulate their mainsail in a number of different ways to develop power and control where that power is produced in the sail. But it also means that they have the ability to invert the head of the sail. 

Doing this effectively means ‘tacking’ the top of the sail while the rest of the sail is in its usual shape. The advantage here is that instead of trying to tip the boat to leeward, the very top of the sail will be trying to push the boat upright and so creating even more righting moment. The disadvantage is that it would come at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag. 

We know that a number of America’s Cup teams are able to do this, though whether it is effective is another question and it is very hard to spot this technique being used while the boats are racing at lightning speeds.

Photo: Emirates Team New Zealand

7 An America’s Cup boat generates lots of data

A new America’s Cup boat is a vastly complex bit of kit. Each team has incredibly powerful Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software packages and simulators in order to try to understand the various gains and losses. 

To make these simulators and computer projections as accurate as possible each team has been getting as much data as they can over their three year development cycle.

In the case of this America’s Cup it does seem the development process is genuinely getting closer to Formula 1 (albeit with smaller budgets than a modern F1 team has behind them).

INEOS Team UK have been able to work alongside the all powerful Mercedes F1 team (both of who are backed by INEOS) and have been open about how much this has helped their development process. They even have some Mercedes staff out with the team in Auckland assessing their data.  

“It’s really similar to F1,” explains Mercedes Applied Science Principal Engineer Thomas Batch who has 11 F1 titles to his name and is with INEOS in Auckland. “Certainly in this campaign the technology is close to what we have in F1. 

“In terms of raw sensors on the boat you are probably talking in the 100s but then we take that and we make that into mass channels and additional analysis with computational versions of those channels that we then analyse and get into in more detail. So you are looking at 1000s of plots that we can delve into [per race or training session].

“That level of data analysis and then feedback with the sailors is very similar to working with an [F1] driver.” 

If you enjoyed this….

Yachting World is the world’s leading magazine for bluewater cruisers and offshore sailors. Every month we have inspirational adventures and practical features to help you realise your sailing dreams. Build your knowledge with a subscription delivered to your door. See our latest offers and save at least 30% off the cover price.

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

SailGP Teams, Back at Full Strength, Power to the $1 Million Prize

Japan is the leader as racing begins in Cádiz, and with crews back from the Olympics, boats now have their A-teams.

By David Schmidt

With $1 million and a season’s title up for grabs, attracting some of the world’s best sailors to SailGP was easy. But, with the allure of the Olympics and one star sailor’s paternity leave, keeping them on the boats for every race has been harder.

SailGP’s second season began in April in Bermuda, where eight teams from as many countries competed aboard identical F50 catamarans. The 36th America’s Cup had just concluded, so crew members who had competed in that regatta had time to return to their SailGP teams for the start of the season.

But then came the Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and some SailGP teams were stripped of their best sailors as they headed for Japan. The Great Britain SailGP Team also lost Ben Ainslie , its driver, who had won an America’s Cup and five Olympic medals, for two events when he took leave around the birth of his son.

The absences caused the racing in Italy in June and Britain in July to be less competitive.

“The fact of the matter is, in any sport, if you don’t have your best athletes who you can field on the field, you’re more than likely not going to get as strong a result,” said Russell Coutts, SailGP’s chief executive and a five-time America’s Cup winner. “You can’t just sub a good sailor in that hasn’t had the training on a F50. The teams that have tried that this year, it hasn’t worked, it’s failed.”

But the top talent, including Ainslie , returned before the regattas in Denmark in August and France in September, and now — with just three left in Season 2 — competition is stiffening ahead of the regatta in Spain, which will take place at Cádiz on Saturday and Sunday.

The teams will be seeking to increase their chances of qualifying for the season finale in San Francisco next March. Only the three highest-ranked teams will advance to the Grand Final, which comes with the championship title and that $1 million.

Ainslie’s team is in fourth place. Asked if the absence of top sailors had made a difference in the level of competition, he said, “How much of a difference, that’s arguable, but definitely [it] would have made a difference.”

Instead, Ainslie points to the teamwork needed to sail these boats at top form as more critical. “That’s just as important, if not more important, than who’s steering the thing,” he said.

Teamwork may be crucial aboard boats that race on hydrofoils at highway speeds, but losing a significant percentage of A-listers early in the season was still challenging.

“The positive parts of having so many Olympians on your team is that you have an incredibly high level of sailing talent in the group,” said Peter Burling , driver of the New Zealand SailGP Team , which is in sixth place. “We had five out of our team competing at the Olympics.”

This group included Burling and Blair Tuke , the team’s wing trimmer. They arrived in SailGP after helping Emirates Team New Zealand win the America’s Cup, but left after Bermuda for the Olympics, where they won silver .

“The Olympics ended up right in the middle of SailGP season, and there’s a lot of us on the team [for whom] the Olympics and Tokyo had been a goal for a long time,” Tuke said. “So that was where the priority lay, but now that’s fully shifted and everyone is focused.”

Focus matters, but so do results.

“You could say it was definitely difficult,” Burling said about maintaining leadership continuity throughout the season. Despite the team’s standing, he sees its Olympic involvement as a positive. “It really does help sharpen your skills.”

Coutts did not agree and said the Olympic timeout had “been a disadvantage.”

“You’re racing against the best guys in the world,” he said “If you give them more time against you, you’re going to get hurt, aren’t you?”

Time matters greatly. SailGP’s rules restrict each team’s on-the-water practices. Unlike Olympic-class boats, F50s regularly see 90-knot closing speeds, so learning curves are steep, and experience brings results.

“The biggest thing is really, how consistent can you keep your roster?” said Jimmy Spithill, a two-time America’s Cup winner and the driver of the United States SailGP Team. “This fleet is very short time as it is — there’s not very much practice, you can’t really train between the events — so the time you spend together is very important.”

The boats, which cost about $4 million each, are identical. Larry Ellison, a two-time America’s Cup winner and the founder of Oracle, is the majority owner of SailGP. Ellison also owns seven of the teams, Coutts said. The boats may be the same, but how each team sails them is not. So much of practice is spent developing a playbook of choreographed maneuvers.

“We feel a lot more competitive now than we were in Bermuda,” said Rome Kirby , an America’s Cup winner and the United States SailGP Team’s flight controller. It is “time in the boat, time together as a team.” And time spent polishing the playbook. “You need to do it together. There’s no cheat code.”

Each boat is equipped with electronic sensors that constantly gather data and send it to an Oracle-run cloud where it is available — along with onboard video footage and audio from microphones worn by the crew — to all the teams.

“It speeds up the learning and therefore the competitiveness,” Coutts said about the shared data.

Teams also receive the same hardware and software upgrades. “No one can completely dominate, because you can’t get every decision right,” he said. “The fact that the boats are so close in performance, even with the technique differences, means that we see different winners at events regularly.

“The design teams are just continuously working on improving the performance of the boats, and also we’re looking at the racing and seeing how” it can be enhanced it, Coutts said.

So the boats constantly evolve, but if sailors miss events, they can find themselves and their team less competitive. Spithill said the entire fleet was more competitive now because crews “have more races and more time on the boats.”

Japan is currently on top of the standings, followed by the United States and Australia, which are tied. Those three teams are separated by just two points.

“All of the teams are acutely aware that we’re halfway through the season and every race is critical,” Coutts said. “There’s definitely an added dimension to that.”

This awareness and the bolstered rosters mean that racing in Spain, and beyond, should intensify.

“We’re at a point now where we’re very similar to the crews that people sailed with in Bermuda,” Burling said. “And I think each team had their best foot forward in Bermuda.”

While having stronger teams is great for fans, it is telling that even some teams that are led by America’s Cup- and Olympic-winning sailors have not even managed to finish in third place this season.

“SailGP is probably one of the most competitive classes or circuits” in the world right now, Kirby said. “I would say that it’s probably more competitive than the America’s Cup.”

SailGP also puts something else in play: serious money.

When asked what was the bigger motivator — the title or the cash — teams had different answers.

“The prize purse is something that would be very nice to split around the team, but for us, the focus is definitely on trying to win the competition,” Burling said.

Others are more pragmatic.

“I mean, how could you not be motivated for a million dollars?” said Spithill, whose team has battled adversity this season, including collisions, a capsize and a serious injury, yet is still in second place. And if other teams do not care about the money, “then no worries, we won’t give them the million dollars.”

Used Sailboats For Sale

6 listings found.

Westerly conway 36

• United States

1984 Herreshoff Tortola-Trawler Nereia 36′ Sailboat

36 Hunter Vision 1993

Hobie Mirage Tandem Island

• Florida , United States

1972 Luders 36 by Cheoy Lee

Browse used sailboats for sale.

SailTrader is dedicated to providing sailors a marketplace to easily buy and sell sailboats and sails. We are dedicated to offering only sailboats for sale to make it easy to find the right sailboat your looking for.

Used Cruising Sailboats

Cruising sailboats are the most popular type of sailboat for sale. Today’s sailboat manufacturers offer a range of deck and interior variations giving sailors a lot of options to choose from. Browse through cruising sailboats for sale from: Catalina, Beneteau, Hunter, Jeanneau, Hanse, Custom, Pearson, Morgan, Tartan, Bavaria, Hallberg-Rassy, Grand Soleil and more.

Used Racing Sailboats

Find a range of used racing sailboats for sale located all over the country. From racing offshore sailboats to inshore dinghy’s, SailTrader has the latest to choose from. Find used sailboats from brand like: Melges, J-Boats, Swan, Jeanneau and more.

Sell Your Used Sailboat

SailTrader makes it easy to list your used sailboat for sale online. Easily create a listing in a few easy steps. SailTrader is the first online marketplace exclusively for sailors.

The Sailor’s Marketplace for Sailboats and Sails.

Sell Your Sailboat

Sailboats for sale.

• New Sailboats
• Used Sailboats
• Cruising Sailboats
• Racing Sailboats

Sell Your Sails

Sails for sail, sail manufacturers.

• North Sails
• Quantum Sails
• Doyle Sails
• UK Sailmakers

Sailing Reviews

• Sailing Line
• Safety Equipment
• Sailing Accesories

As an Amazon Associate SailTrader earns from qualifying purchases.

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience possible. 

How Much Does It Cost to Build a Sailboat?

If you're on a tight budget, there are ways to build a sailboat affordably and still end up with a seaworthy boat. You can choose to start completely from scratch or consider using a self-build kit. If you want to hop on a sailboat project, let me help you break down the costs of building one.

The average price range for building a sailboat from scratch is between $10,000 and $20,000. A self-build kit for a 17' sailboat can be purchased for $2,500, while a sail-away Puur 17 kit can cost between $14,000 and $18,000. Meanwhile, building a 21ft gaff-rigged cutter can cost between $33,000 and $35,000.

If you're building dinghies, you can expect to spend anywhere from $1,500 to $10,000, depending on the size and materials used. Let's look at the estimated costs of building other types of sailboats and what factors can affect these costs.

• If you are on a tight budget, you can try starting to build a basic dinghy, which only costs around $1,500.
• If you're building a smaller boat, try to use less expensive materials, such as plywood or fiberglass, to keep costs down.
• You can save a significant amount of money on labor costs—around $10,000 if you do all the building yourself.
• A plan includes information on the materials needed for construction, as well as step-by-step instructions for assembling the boat.
• A catamaran with a more complex design or more advanced features costs around $50,000–$500,000 to build.

On this page:

Breakdown of costs in building a sailboat, average cost of building different types of sailboats, how to build a sailboat on a budget.

The average price range for building a sailboat from scratch is between $10,000 and $20,000 , but this can be much higher if you want to build an extremely high-quality craft or if you live in an area that is especially expensive.

Below is a table showing the estimated range of costs when building a sailboat:

Consider the materials you will use and the amount you need

Some common materials used in sailboat construction include fiberglass, wood, aluminum, and steel. The estimated cost of each material is as follows:

If you plan to build an aluminum sailboat, you might want to check out its pros and cons .

Factor in the costs of equipment

Building a sailboat requires a variety of specialized tools and equipment, such as saws, sanders, drills, and clamps. In addition to these basic tools, there are also more specialized pieces of equipment that may be necessary, such as a planer, a router, and a jointer. The table below shows how much each of these equipment costs:

Take into account the costs of labor

If you have the skills and experience to build the boat yourself, you can save a significant amount of money on labor costs. However, building a sailboat is a time-consuming process, and you should factor in the value of your time when calculating the overall cost of the project.

If you hire a professional boat builder, the cost of labor can be quite high, based on the complexity of the boat and the builder's experience and expertise. Although hiring a professional builder can be more expensive, it can ensure that the boat is built to high standards and is seaworthy.

Budget for purchasing a plan

If you are building a sailboat from plans, you will need to purchase the plans themselves. A plan refers to a set of detailed instructions and diagrams for building a specific sailboat design. It includes information on the materials needed for construction, as well as step-by-step instructions for assembling the boat.

Plans for a smaller, simpler sailboat may cost a few hundred dollars, while plans for a larger, more complex sailboat may cost several thousand dollars. The plan also includes the estimated timeline for completing the boat construction process. Building a sailing yacht can take at least 10 - 24 months to complete .

Carefully evaluate different sailboat plans before making a purchase to ensure that they are suitable for your needs and skill level. You may also want to consult with a professional boat builder or designer to help you choose the right plans and provide guidance during the construction process.

Account for miscellaneous expenses

There are a variety of other expenses which can add up quickly and should be factored into the overall cost of the project, such as the following:

• Permits: Depending on the location where the sailboat is being built, there may be permits required for construction.
• Insurance: Sailboats are valuable assets and require insurance coverage to protect against damage, loss, or theft. Insurance premiums can be a significant expense, especially for larger sailboats. Read this article to see the current costs of sailboat insurance.
• Transportation: If the sailboat is being constructed in a location that is far from the water, transportation costs may be incurred to move the boat to the water. This can include fees for a trailer, a truck, or a professional boat transport company.
• Miscellaneous Materials: There may be other materials required for the project that are not included in the initial cost estimate, such as hardware such as screws, bolts, and fittings, which may need to be purchased separately.

Sailboats come in various types, each designed with different features and purposes. The type of sailboat you choose will affect the cost of building it. Here are some common types of sailboats and their average costs:

The cost of building a dinghy

Dinghies are small sailboats that are typically used for racing or leisure sailing. They are usually less than 20 feet long and are designed to be sailed by one or two people.

For a basic dinghy, the cost can be as low as $1,500. This would typically involve using plywood or fiberglass for the hull, and basic rigging and hardware. However, for a more high-end dinghy, the cost can be as much as $10,000 or more. This would typically involve using high-quality materials such as carbon fiber or Kevlar for the hull, and more advanced rigging and hardware.

The cost of building a daysailer

Daysailers are slightly larger than dinghies and are designed for sailors who want to enjoy a day on the water without the expense and maintenance of a larger boat. Daysailers come in a variety of designs, from traditional wooden boats to modern fiberglass models. Some popular brands of daysailers include the J/Boat, the Laser, and the Sunfish.

These types of sailboats can accommodate up to six people and are usually between 20 and 30 feet long. A basic daysailer can be built for as little as $10,000, while a more luxurious model can cost upwards of $30,000. The most common materials used for building daysailers are wood, fiberglass, and aluminum.

The cost of building a cruiser

Cruisers are larger sailboats that are designed for long-distance sailing. The best-size cruiser usually ranges from 30 - 40 feet long.

Building a cruiser can cost between $30,000 and $100,000. Some cruisers may have additional amenities such as a kitchen, bathroom, and sleeping quarters, which can increase the overall cost.

The cost of building a racing sailboat

Racing sailboats are designed for speed and agility. They are usually between 20 and 30 feet long and are built with lightweight materials.

Building a racing sailboat can cost between $20,000 and $50,000, depending on the size and materials used. Since these sailboats are designed to be as lightweight as possible, it means that high-performance materials such as carbon fiber may be used, which can increase the overall cost.

The cost of building a catamaran

Catamarans are sailboats with two hulls. They are designed for stability and speed and are usually between 30 and 50 feet long, but the perfect size for sailing is around 37037 feet . Building a catamaran can cost between $50,000 and $500,000.

The larger the catamaran, the more expensive it will be to build. The materials used in the construction of the catamaran can also impact the cost, so if a catamaran is made of fiberglass, it will be less expensive than one made of carbon fiber. A catamaran with a more complex design or more advanced features will generally cost more to build.

The cost of building a trimaran

Trimarans are sailboats with three hulls, which are usually between 30 and 50 feet long. The cost of building a trimaran ranges between $50,000 and $500,000.

Since trimarans are generally larger and more complex than monohull boats, they require more materials and labor to build. Additionally, trimarans often require specialized equipment and expertise to construct, which can drive up the cost of the project.

Trimarans are also often built using high-quality materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar, and other advanced composites, which can be quite expensive. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and lightweight, which are all important factors for a high-performance sailing vessel.

Below are some tips to help you build a seaworthy sailboat without breaking the bank:

Consider a self-build kit : If you're handy with tools and have some building experience, you might want to consider a self-build sailboat kit. These kits come with everything you need to build a sailboat, including plans, materials, and hardware. Self-build kits can be a cost-effective way to build a sailboat, with prices ranging from $2,500 for a 17' sailboat kit to $14,000 to $18,000 for a Puur 17 kit, whichever you'd like to choose.

Choose your materials wisely : You don't want to skimp on quality, but you also don't want to overspend on expensive materials. With this, perhaps consider using plywood instead of solid wood for the hull, as it's more affordable and easier to work with. You can also look for deals on used materials, such as sails, rigging, and hardware, to save money.

Keep it simple : The more complex the design, the more expensive it will be to build. A simple design with a basic rig can be just as seaworthy as a more complex design, and it will be easier and cheaper to build.

Do it yourself : If you have the skills and experience, try doing as much of the work yourself as possible. This can include everything from building the hull to installing the rigging and hardware. Doing the work yourself can save you a lot of money on labor costs, and it can be a rewarding experience to build your own sailboat from scratch.

Leave a comment

You may also like, how long does it take to build a yacht (7 types).

Building a yacht requires time, effort, and dedication. Factors such as customization, size of the yacht, design complexity, material availability, and shipyard …

pros-and-cons-of-aluminum-sailboat

What's the Best Size of Sailboat for Coastal Cruising?

13 Best Beginner Sailboats with Cabin (For Any Budget)

The Best Sailboats for Rough Sea Conditions (13 Examples)

Own your first boat within a year on any budget.

A sailboat doesn't have to be expensive if you know what you're doing. If you want to learn how to make your sailing dream reality within a year, leave your email and I'll send you free updates . I don't like spam - I will only send helpful content.

Ready to Own Your First Boat?

Just tell us the best email address to send your tips to:

An Easy Guide to the 8 Best (And Funnest) Small Sailboats to Learn to Sail

Saltwater Journal is reader supported. When you buy through our links we may earn an affiliate commission (at no extra cost to you)

It’s no accident most of the world’s top professional sailors got their start in small boats. But for those of us that missed the boat learning to sail as a kid, here’s the great news — there’s no age limit on learning to sail! And you don’t need to eye up an F50 foiling catamaran in SailGP to have a good time either. Whether you’re 24 or 40, sailing small boats can provide a much needed escape and open up a whole new world of practical skills, fun on the water and break from work and routine. 

If you're looking to enjoy the tranquillity of cruising on a lake or exploring the coastline, or have your sights set on the vast expanse of the open ocean, mastering the art of a sailing dinghy is a rewarding and affordable way to begin your sailing adventure. But how do you know which is the best boat for you? And where do you try one first? And how much will it cost?

In this article, you’ll get answers to all the FAQs about learning to sail so you can feel confident to give it a go. And we’ll look at the 8 best, most fun small sailboats for you to try!

FAQs: Why can’t I learn on a big boat? What are the benefits of learning in a small boat? Is learning to sail expensive? Where can I try a small boat out first? How much does a small boat cost? Where can I buy a small sailboat? What’s the best small boat for me?

8 Funnest Small Sailboats to Learn to Sail: 1. Optimist 2. Flying Junior (FJ) 3. RS Feva 4. Laser 5. Sunfish 6. 420 7. Wayfarer 8. Hobie Cat

Small boats are better than big boats for learning to sail in

Why can’t I learn on a big boat? 

You can! Plenty of sailors have learned to sail through crewing on bigger keeler boats. But I 100% recommend starting out in sailing dinghies for many reasons:

They’ll teach you more quickly how the boat moves in wind

You’re in control and your own actions and adjustments are immediate and obvious (you’ll learn quicker what went wrong, or right!)

You’ll experience the effects of those in a safe environment, with no major consequences – aside from getting wet!

What are the benefits of learning in a small boat?

Small boats are good for your budget.

Sailing dinghies are an awesome way to give sailing a go without a big investment up front. After all, you want to make sure you enjoy it first right? Smaller boats are much cheaper to buy, maintain and repair, and store.

It’s fun for everyone

Get your family, or a group of mates involved — it’s an awesome way to spend time together mucking about in the water. On a small boat, it’s quick and easy to set up to give it a go and have a great laugh. Small boat sailing’s a pretty fun summer session — and if you’ve got kids doing it with you — that’s the kind of fun experience they’ll remember forever #memories.

You’ll experience tiller steering

A small sailing dinghy has tiller steering — that’s a long lever attached directly to the rudder (as opposed to a steering wheel, which is connected via a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system). The benefits of learning to sail with a tiller is that you’ll start to immediately feel if the boat is out of balance, compared to wheel steering which is less intuitive. Your ability to feel the boat responding and keep wind, sail and boat position in balance will be more sensitive learning with a tiller.

You can give racing a go

Sailing small boats may just ignite your competitive spirit with racing regattas! There are many different classes of sail racing offered through most clubs, from dinghy sailing through to keeler races. While many at a high-level do have age class brackets, there are still plenty of options to get involved with at any age. There are plenty of women only sailing events if you’re keen to get involved for the first time . 

Is learning to sail expensive?

Only if you buy a big boat ! Learning to sail doesn’t have to cost a lot. There’s likely a local club nearby that runs affordable adult and family friendly learn to sail classes — either for a one off course fee, or as part of the club membership. Most clubs have an ageing membership and are actively encouraging new people to sail so membership fees are kept as low as possible. They’re especially supportive of the younger generation!

Regarding sailing gear, don’t rush out and buy any expensive sailing gear until you get a feel for sailing, your style of boat, and what the conditions are like for your area. Then you can better choose a wet weather jacket and sailing gear that’s going to suit you. I do recommend you invest in a pair of sailing gloves early on though ( see my top glove picks here )

Where can I try a small boat out first?

Look for a local club with Learn to Sail classes — you’ll be able to get out on the club boats and try those. Most have a fleet of Sunfish (or similar) dinghies to learn to sail and race in. Once you’re comfortable and the sailing bug has bit (it’s catchy and sorry I don’t have the cure) you can look to buy a small boat of your own.

How much does a small boat cost?

Anywhere from $100 to $12,000US depending on the age and type of boat. It’s highly likely you can pick up a used sailboat for a good price, but if you want to spend more (and deck your boat out with the latest high-specs) — you’ll be able to! Remember with costs you will need to factor in the transportation or storage of your boat too. For example, you may need to buy a trailer to transport your small boat, or pay rental to a local marina or yacht club to store this onsite.

Where can I buy a small sailboat?

If you’re looking for a second hand boat, sailing clubs often have small boats available to sell — whether they’re retiring some of their own fleet, or there are members who have upgraded. Keep an eye out on club noticeboards, newsletters or ask around. If you’re in the Learn to Sail classes, you’ll likely meet someone who knows someone who’s got the boat for you!

Alongside my detailed list of the best places to buy a used boat , here are the most popular websites that sell small sailboats:

Boats.com (International) Sailsport Marine (USA) Dinghy Shop (USA) Apollo Duck (UK) Dinghy Mart (UK) Kajiji (Canada) Boat Sales (Australia) Gumtree (Australia) Trademe (New Zealand)

What’s the best small boat for me?

For beginners, selecting the right boat to buy is crucial, as it can make the process of learning more manageable and enjoyable. That’s why I recommend trying a few boats out through a local sailing club first. It’s good to know about the common types of small boats and how they’re different from each other, so now we’ll explore some of the best small boats on which you can learn the ropes and sail with confidence. Note: Sailing dinghies are specifically designed to be sailed by a certain number of crew, and sail at their optimum speed with maximum boat and crew weight ranges (this is more important in racing class rules). For example, adults usually skip the Opti dinghy (usually sailed by under 15’s) and go straight to a bigger size sailboat like the Sunfish or Laser. To guide you on boat size and if you’re looking to sail on your own or with others, I’ve included the length of boat over the water, and indication of number of people and sails onboard.

8 Popular Small Sailboats to Learn to Sail In

Optimist dinghy.

Smallest of the dinghies is the Optimist

Length: 7.67ft / 2.34m Designed for 1 or 2 kids or petite adult, 1 sail

The Optimist dinghy, commonly referred to as the Opti, is a globally recognized sailboat that has introduced countless young sailors to the world of sailing. Its compact size, stability, and simplicity make it an ideal vessel for beginners, especially children. With a single sail and a manageable rigging system, the Opti allows newcomers to grasp the fundamentals of sailing without feeling overwhelmed. Moreover, its buoyant hull design ensures safety, instilling confidence in young sailors as they navigate the basics of wind dynamics and boat control.

2. Flying Junior (FJ)

Fly along in the FJ

Length: 13.22 ft / 4.03m Designed for 2 crew, 2 sails

The Flying Junior , commonly referred to as the FJ, is a robust and agile sailboat designed for both training and competitive sailing. Its sturdy build, stability and responsive rigging system make it an ideal choice for beginners eager to explore the dynamics of wind and water on a more challenging vessel. With a two-person crew, the FJ emphasizes teamwork and communication, fostering a sense of camaraderie and shared responsibility among novice sailors. Its performance-oriented design encourages learners to master the art of sail trim and weight distribution, preparing them for the intricacies of competitive sailing and more advanced boat handling techniques.

Catch sailing fever in the RS Feva

Length: 13.3ft /4.05m Double-handed dinghy for pre-teens and parent / child teams, 3 sails

The RS Feva is a modern sailboat renowned for its user-friendly design and versatility. With a spacious cockpit and a manageable rig, the RS Feva accommodates both single-handed and double-handed sailing, catering to a diverse range of skill levels and preferences. Its responsive nature and forgiving hull promote a comfortable learning experience, allowing novices to focus on refining their sailing techniques without feeling overwhelmed. The RS Feva's emphasis on adaptability and performance makes it a popular choice for sailing schools and families looking to embark on an engaging and rewarding sailing journey together.

Sharpen your sailing skills with the Laser

Length: 13.88 ft / 4.23m Designed for 1 crew, 1 sail

There are different Laser designs, however the Laser International is an Olympic class dinghy and widely acclaimed small sailboat known for its versatility and sportier performance. While it may appear more challenging compared to the Optimist and Sunfish, the Laser is an excellent option for individuals seeking a more dynamic sailing experience. Everything you need to know about sailing can be learned on this boat. With its responsive nature and adjustable sail controls, the Laser allows beginners to develop a deeper understanding of sail trim and boat balance. The popularity of the Laser International highlights the versatility of a boat — from learning to sail to getting involved in the racing scene.

Fun in the sun with the Sunfish

Length: 13.9ft / 4.24m Designed for 1 or 2 crew, 1 sail

The Sunfish is a super popular choice for those starting their sailing journey. Its uncomplicated design and ease of handling make it an excellent option for novices who want to develop their skills in a straightforward and stress-free manner. With a single sail and a simple setup, the Sunfish promotes a hands-on approach to sailing, allowing beginners to understand the impact of wind and water currents on the boat's movements. Its stability and responsive nature make it an enjoyable vessel for learning to tack and jibe, two fundamental techniques in sailing.

Any time is a good time for enjoying the 420

Length: 13.9ft / 4.2m Designed for 2 crew, 3 sails

The 420 sailboat is a favoured choice for sailing schools and clubs worldwide, renowned for its balanced design and versatility. With a responsive rig and a moderate sail plan, the 420 offers a smooth transition for beginners progressing from smaller boats to slightly larger vessels. Its two-person configuration fosters teamwork and communication, encouraging novices to develop coordination and cooperation while honing their sailing skills. The 420's manoeuvrability and stability make it an excellent platform for learning advanced techniques, such as trapezing and spinnaker handling, laying a strong foundation for future sailing endeavours. This racing dinghy holds status as a World Sailing International Class .

7. Wayfarer

Start your travels on the sea with the Wayfarer

Length: 16ft / 4.82m Designed for 1-4 crew, 3 sails

The Wayfarer cruising dinghy , built by Hartley Boats is renowned for its sturdy construction and versatile design, stands out as an ideal small sailboat for families and sailing enthusiasts seeking a reliable vessel for both leisurely cruising. It’s the most stable dinghy too! With its spacious cockpit, responsive handling, and adaptable seating arrangements, the Wayfarer offers a stable and predictable sailing experience, accommodating various crew sizes and sailing preferences. Its enduring popularity, strong class association, and supportive community make it a beloved classic in the world of small sailboats, embodying a perfect blend of performance, comfort, and inclusivity for sailors of all levels.

8. Hobie Cat

Start a fun hobby with the Hobbie Cat

Length: 16.7ft / 5.04 m Designed for 1 or two crew, 2 sails

For those drawn to the thrill of catamarans, the Hobie Cat (such as the 16 model) offers an exciting platform for beginners to delve into the world of multihull sailing. With its twin hulls and trampoline design, the Hobie Cat combines stability with speed, providing an exhilarating sailing experience for novices eager to explore the nuances of handling a more complex vessel. While it may require a steeper learning curve compared to traditional monohull boats (it’s harder to tack/change direction upwind), the Hobie Cat rewards learners with its ability to harness the wind and speed across the water. This makes it an enticing option for those seeking an adventurous introduction to sailing! Its asymmetrical hulls eliminate the need for dagger boards and is the perfect beach-launching catamaran. If you’d like to see these in action, here’s a great beginner video series for learning to sail Hobie Cats . 

All of these 8 small boats will give you a fun new sailing experience and help you to understand the relationship between wind dynamics, sail control, and boat balance. I have no doubt you’ll find one here that suits your goals and lifestyle. They’ll all give you an incredible foundation for future sailing in bigger boats.

There is a balance between finding the right boat for you, and not overthinking it. Most importantly, the best small boat is one that you have access to right now! Or the one you can manage yourself and will get you out on the water as soon as possible, learning and having fun.

Did you enjoy this article? Share it online and read more on the Journal…

Meet Igor Stropnik, a Slovenian adventurer sharing his love for sailing small boats and extreme weather cruising in his short documentary ‘How I ended up Here’.

Discover why bigger isn’t always better, with these 8 small sail boats — perfect for learning to sail, racing and getting your thrills on the water!

Discover the best tips to meet other boaties, set yourself up as crew and begin a new sailing adventure — one that suits your lifestyle and budget.

Here’s everything you need to know to prepare for your first women’s sailing regatta, so you can turn up ready to go, and have fun!

Here’s everything you need to know about the nautical terms port and starboard, with illustrations, sailors’ sayings and 3 tricks to help you remember which is which!

Learn about sails quickly and easily with this illustrated guide to common types of sails, different sail materials, and the basics of how sails work.

Explore this easy guide to the Points of Sail to help you learn the basics of sailing and the terms of sailboat direction. These are a must-know for learning to sail!

Learn the everyday sailing terms to find your way around a yacht, sail well and stay safe at sea. This is the only nautical glossary you’ll need to get started.

Buying a yacht to live on is a big decision. Learn the key 14 factors to consider when buying for the first time, so you can find the right boat for you.

Tara Cooney is a New Zealand based sailor, writer, photographer and current Saltwater Journal Editor-at-Large.

Hydration on the Move: The 5 Best Collapsible Water Bottles

7 best sperry women’s shoes for everyday wear.

How Much Do New Sails Cost?

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 15, 2022

Sails are one of the most important parts of your sailboats. They're your engine or essentially, what propels your sailboat. Buying a new one is, without a doubt, a hefty if not expensive investment. You should, therefore, learn all about different types of sails, how much they cost, and how to buy them.

Sails are one of the most important parts of a sailboat. In addition to propelling the boat, sails play an integral role in efficiency and safety when sailing. Having high-quality sails not only makes your boat heel less but can also prevent your sailboat from rounding up into the wind in gusts. It can also reduce weather helm, make steering a lot easier, make you go faster, and make sailing more enjoyable even when short handed. In short, proper sails will improve reliability, increase speed, and improve your boat's handling characteristics.

Unfortunately, sails do not last forever. They'll, at one point, wear out and you'll need to buy new ones. To make it even worse, new sails are a huge investment; one that you hope to never make any time soon. But how much do new sails cost? Well, let's find out in this guide.

The prices of buying new sails vary greatly depending on several factors such as your boat's length, sail material, quality of the fabric, and many others. For instance, a 24-feet Bermuda sloop can cost between $1,000 and $2,500 while sails on mid-sized boats can cost between $3,000 and $5,000. The price of a new sail will, of course, depend on how long the piece is.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through the process of buying sails, their prices, and making sure that you do not make a costly mistake when buying new sails.

Table of contents

How Can You Know that Your Sails Have Had Their Best Days?

Although sails are quite expensive, they seem to last forever especially on cruising sailboats . Without the stresses of competition or a yardstick of measuring whether your sails are appropriate or inappropriate for racing, it can be a lot harder to tell if your sails have worn out and need to be replaced.

This can give you a false sense of security that your sails are still in a working condition. So how do you know that your sails have had their day and what's the best time to upgrade to new sails? Well, you can know that your sails are worn out if they become saggy and dangerously long in the tooth or if they can no longer drive you upwind off a lee shore. If anything, you shouldn't wait until a self-destruct moment to buy new sails.

In essence, you should know that it's the right time to change the sails if it doesn't make economic sense to service or repair them. You should also change the sails if they absolutely refuse to work when you're trying to trim. This is because the sailcloth will break down or become extremely elastic to the point that you can no longer apply enough force to the corners or on the edges even when sailing in light winds.

How to Assess the Structural Strength and Damage of Your Existing Sails

When assessing the structural strength and damage of your existing sails, it's essential to know areas that are prone to tear and wear. While you should inspect every area of the sails you should put a lot of emphasis on the inboard batten pocket, the leech, and spreader patches.

You should also remember that stitching on your sails will get damaged by the sun and chafe long before the material itself. And because buying new sails is a huge investment, you should consider re-stitching the damaged parts if it means extending the sail's life. So how can you know that the stitches are damaged? Well, just rub your thumbnail along with the stitches. If you can pull them out easily, then they're weak and should be re-stitched. It would be appropriate to do it at an early stage to prevent it from becoming worse.

You can also assess the leech and see if it's in a working condition. You can do this by trying to poke your thumbnail into the weave fabric. If it's possible to poke the weave fabric, then it's in a bad state. That's not all; you should as well assess batten pockets for any form of damage or any worn-out patches on the sail.

As we noted earlier, you should know that your existing sails have seen their best day if they don't make any financial sense to repair or service them.

Different Types of Sails

When buying new sails, it's important to have even the slightest idea of the mainsail types. There are four main types of sails.

Mainsails - These include mizzen on yawls and ketches. They're the main driving force and should be fitted with anything ranging between one and four reefs.

Foresails - These include genoas, jibs, and can be used on cutter-rigged boats. Most boats have a single roller curling foresail. However, some have single-standing sails that are designed in different shapes and sizes but optimized for varying wind strengths. For example, you can use larger foresails when the winds are stronger and smaller foresails when the winds are somehow calmer.

Downwind Sails - These are symmetric and asymmetric spinnakers, as well as code zeros, and cruising chutes.

Storm and Heavy Weather Sails - These are storm jibs and trysails that are essential for safety, especially if you're often sailing offshore and may encounter challenging conditions. Given that reefing genoas have incompetent shapes especially when extremely reefed in heavy winds, it's recommended to have a smaller but heavier weather jib. This can be set as part of a removable inner forestay. In essence, this can be a crucial addition to your sail suit.

Choosing Sail Materials

The type of sail material that you choose when buying a new sail is another crucial thing to consider. Nearly two decades ago, the only viable option for sail material was woven Dacron. As such, the only thing to consider in terms of sail material was the grade of the woven Dacron. Sailors could choose between more durable but stiffer woven Dacron meant for cruising and a stiff, highly-resinated material used for racing.

Things, however, have changed recently thanks to technological advances. There is a wide range of sail materials with each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's look at the available sail materials.

Woven Dacron - This is not only one of the most durable sail materials but remains the least expensive option. The only downside is that it tends to lose shape quickly and may not retain the appropriate shape even when there's still more life left in the material.

Keep in mind that Dacron materials aren't made the same. There are Dacron materials meant for cruising sailboats . They generally use materials with the permeated finish. This is done by soaking the material in glue to bind the yarns together. Although this ensures that the material is softer and more long-lasting, the material will stretch more in strong winds, especially when it's still new.

On the other hand, there are Dacron materials used in racing sailboats. They're usually coated with a hard melamine finish to reduce stretch.

Hydrant Woven - These materials incorporate Dyneema fibers on the sails. This is fundamental in increasing resistance to substances such as ultraviolet degradation and chafe while also increasing durability and endurance. That's not all; the Dyneema fibers are known to help the sails maintain their original shape.

Laminate Sails - These are designed with load-bearing structural fibers that are crammed between two sheets of Mylar film. Several types of fibers such as carbon, polyester, Kevlar, and Twaron can be used.

However, the cost of fibers such as polyester and carbon tend to be expensive, which means that these sails might be a little costly. These materials can retain their original shape longer than other materials but have the shortest lifespan. But to increase durability, sailmakers do add taffeta layers on both sides but you may have to deal with a heavier and costly material.

String/Membrane Sails - These are molded in one piece using fibers that are aligned by following the exact load paths in the sail. These fabrics are effectively custom made and reinforced in the right places not just to maintain their original shapes but also to ensure that they remain durable.

Keep in mind that these materials are high-end products that can be costly and are mostly used in racing sailboats. This doesn't, however, mean you can't use them on your cruising sailboat . In fact, these sails are very appropriate for long voyages.

To this end, an appropriate sail material should be able to offer extraordinary durability and desirable shape retention. These are two important features to look for when buying new sails for your boat. So when buying new sails, make sure that you ask about the above-mentioned features as well as the weight of the material. Although woven Dacron is the standard material for sails, you can choose from other materials too as long as they suit your specific needs. More importantly, make sure that the prices and quality are within your specific and reasonable budget.

The Weight of the Material and Additional Extras

The weight of material used in making your sails may seem like a minute factor but it's of great importance. The idea here is that heavier material will generally be stronger and last longer. This should, therefore, depend on what you actually need but a heavier material will make the sail heavier.

In terms of additional extras, you should make sure that you ask what comes with the sails. For example, do they come with bags that can be of any use to you when out there on the water? This can be of great importance if you want to buy headsails that must be carried to the deck and hooked up. If this is the case, the bag should be bigger and longer to make carrying and transporting the headsail a lot easier.

You can also ask for boom covers. These are essential in protecting mainsails from various substances, especially when not in use. In essence, these extras are important in preserving and maintaining the life and conditions of your new sails. You should, thus, take advantage when negotiating for the new sails as it is these extras that sailmakers are willing to give out if it means making a sale.

How to Buy New Sails

Here is how to buy new sails.

Have Your Boat's Measurements

One of the most important factors that when buying new sails is your boat length. This is because the sail area is mostly determined by the boat length. If your sailboat is of popular design, the sailmaker may have enough information to make the right sail size. But if your boat is not that popular, you can take a few measurements to make it a lot easier for the sailmaker when giving you a quote. In most cases, you'll be given a form to fill in the information that the sailmaker needs in terms of measurements or anything else that might be of importance when choosing the right sails for your boat.

How Do You Want to Use the Sails?

It's very important to consider the type of sailing you're planning to do with your new sails. In most cases, there should be a fine balance between conflicting elements. For instance, the sails should be easy to handle, durable, and cost-effective. But to maintain this balance, you should always have an idea of what you want to use the boat for or how you'll be using the boat. For example, how often will you be sailing? Are you planning for long voyages? How many people do you usually sail with? Do you pick your sailing days or go out on the water irrespective of the weather?

Focus on the Detail

Do you want asymmetrical sails, symmetrical sails, or storm jibs? Are you planning to upgrade to roller reefing or will you go for a cruising chute? You should make the right choices in terms of design and the type of sail that you want. Keep in mind that more sophisticated designs such as tri-radial and bi-radial designs may be a little expensive. All in all, make sure that you put a lot of emphasis on buying sails that optimize the performance of your boat.

Choose the Right Fabric and Design

In addition to choosing the right fabric for the sails, you should make sure that the new mainsails have the right number of reefs. Ensure that each of the reefs is deep enough. You should as well decide whether to go with long or short battens.

If you're planning to use your sailboat for racing, mainsails with short battens could be the best option. This is because short battens offer more control in terms of speed, maneuverability, and acceleration. On the other hand, long battens are the best option for cruising sailboats as they are more durable even though they may come at an extra cost.

Generally, sails are often sold with standard two reefs but three reefs would be ideal for offshore sailing. This is to make it easier for you to reduce the sails to appropriate sizes in heavy weather or stormy conditions. The third reef will be essential in reducing the luff length by at least 40%. Again, you can choose sails with four reefs if you're planning to go for long voyages as this will eradicate the need to have trysails.

Compare Quotes

It's important to talk to a number of sailmakers to compare different designs and prices. The designs should be similar but prices will vary from design to design. You should, therefore, compare the prices of similar designs. You should also ask the sailmakers for detailed info on their designs and how much each design would cost you.

Estimated Costs for Different Boat Lengths

As we noted earlier, the costs of new sails will not only depend on the type of material and designs of the sails but also on the length of your sailboat. Let's highlight the estimated costs.

The Estimated Costs of Replacing a Jibs and Genoas

• Sails for boats measuring 42' to 50' can cost around $5,500-$9,000
• Sails for boats measuring 36' to 42' can cost around $4,000-$7,000
• Sails for boats measuring 32' to 36' can cost around $3,000-$5,000
• Sails for boats measuring 24' to 32' can cost around $2,500-$4,000
• Sails for boats measuring 18' to 24' can cost around $1,000-$2,500

The Estimated Costs of Replacing Mainsails on Bermuda Sloop Rigs

• Sails for boats measuring 42' to 50' can cost around $2,500-$4,000
• Sails for boats measuring 36' to 42' can cost around $2,000-$3,000
• Sails for boats measuring 32' to 36' can cost around $1,500-$2,500
• Sails for boats measuring 24' to 32' can cost around $1,000-$1,500
• Sails for boats measuring 18' to 24' can cost around $650-$1,200

It's important to note that these are estimated costs that should give you an idea of what to expect when buying new sails. It would, however, be appropriate to get a quote from a professional sailmaker, and most of them are willing to help.

The Aging Process of Your Sails

Whether you've just bought new sails or still using the old ones, the aging process of sails may depend on several factors such as the materials used, the type of use you subject them to, and the level of care you give them. That being said, it's almost impossible to accurately determine the lifespan of your sails based on the number of miles you've covered on the water or the number of years you've used the sails.

The most important thing to keep in mind is that the shapes of the sails will change gradually without you realizing it. You should, therefore, check regularly to see if there are changes in the shapes of your sails. You can also take photos occasionally to determine the changes in shape over time.

This can be a great way of assessing not just the shapes of your sails but also in monitoring both the performance and the type of handling that new sails will provide. The idea is that new sails cannot instantly move from good to bad. They'll stretch as they age and this can lead to change in shapes. When your sails lose shape, they will not point well and steering will become difficult. This will, in turn, make your boat to drag, increase heel, and ultimately reduce speed.

Prolonging the Lifespan of Your Sails

Although sails can last a long time, they'll not last forever. Replacing your older sails with new ones will instantly increase the speed and handling capabilities of your boat. Here's how you can prolong the lifespan of your new sails and protect your sail investment.

• Do not expose your sails to unnecessary sunlight and heat
• Motor your sails down if they cannot be filled or if they are not in use
• Avoid extended flogging and luffing
• Use the appropriate halyard tension
• Protect your sails from chafe
• Take off the sails when not in use
• Rinse the sails with fresh water from time to time
• Dry the sails before storing

It's a known fact that sails don't last forever. While it's difficult to exactly determine how long the sails will last, it's a good idea to replace your sails before they become severely stretched and out of shape. Using old or worn-out sails can make a huge difference in the way your boat sails and handles. Just like you'd replace worn-out tires or an old engine on your car, replacing worn out sails with new ones will improve how your boat sails. This will give you a greater sense of control and going out on the water will be more fun.

Unfortunately, buying new sails can be a costly endeavor. That's why you should be well prepared and armed with lots of information when buying new sails. In addition to having in mind what new sails would cost you, you should know how to choose the right material for the sails and the type of sails that can be perfect for your sailing.

Don't wait until you experience serious structural failure with older sails to buy new ones.

Related Articles

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

by this author

Sailboat Upgrades

Financial and Budgeting

Most Recent

What Does "Sailing By The Lee" Mean?

October 3, 2023

The Best Sailing Schools And Programs: Reviews & Ratings

September 26, 2023

Important Legal Info

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.

Similar Posts

Best Bluewater Sailboats Under $50K

December 28, 2023

How To Choose The Right Sailing Instructor

August 16, 2023

Cost To Dock A Sailboat

May 17, 2023

Popular Posts

Best Liveaboard Catamaran Sailboats

Can a Novice Sail Around the World?

Elizabeth O'Malley

4 Best Electric Outboard Motors

How Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?

10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)

December 20, 2023

7 Best Places To Liveaboard A Sailboat

Get the best sailing content.

Top Rated Posts

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. (866) 342-SAIL

© 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy