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Choosing The Right Marine Refrigerator For Your Boat

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There's no doubt that a way to keep things cold aboard makes your boating life more pleasant. Here's what you need to know.

Having some form of refrigeration aboard your boat is a godsend. It keeps perishables fresh, prevents milk from going sour, and, should you also have the luxury of a good freezer, can store ice cream for delicious relief on hot days.

If you spend a lot of time at the dock where shore power is readily available, or if you have an onboard generator that you use frequently, your best choice may be a 110v AC refrigeration unit. It's relatively inexpensive, dependable, easy to install, and should give you years of trouble-free service. Most boaters don't live at the dock, however. If you spend time cruising and anchoring out, a better option may be to use either a 12v DC unit or an engine-driven refrigeration system.

Here's what you need to know if you're considering adding or replacing a marine refrigerator aboard your boat.

What Is Marine Refrigeration?

Before getting into exactly what refrigeration is, it's important to understand what it is not. It is a common misunderstanding that refrigeration creates cold, but this is not the case. Rather, refrigeration is the transfer of heat from one area to another. Basically, all refrigerators work on the same principle: A gas is compressed and allowed to expand inside an evaporator (the plate that gets cold inside the refrigerator). As the gas expands it absorbs heat which is then dissipated on the outside of the refrigerator, either to air or sometimes through a seawater heat exchanger. The expanded gas then passes back through the compressor and the cycle repeats. Although there are some exceptions, which we'll cover in a moment, most refrigeration systems consist of six principle components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, refrigerant, and thermostat.

Types Of Marine Refrigeration Units

There are three main types of marine refrigeration units: 1. Self-contained units (all-in-one or split systems), 2. thermoelectric, and 3. holding plate systems. Each type has positives and negatives depending on your boat, where you boat, and your marine refrigeration needs.

Self-contained marine refrigeration units. The easiest type of marine refrigeration unit to install is a self-contained unit that looks very similar to one you may have in your home. All the components are typically built into the case with the compressor sitting on a metal tray outside and below the insulated cabinet.

Other self-contained marine refrigeration units are a 12-volt DC split system with the compressor and other components sometimes a fairly considerable distance from the insulated box, which only contains the evaporator plate. Many of these systems are available for DIY installation, with converting an icebox to proper refrigeration a popular upgrade.

The simple installation of only two major components — compressor and evaporator — make these units very popular, and they have greatly improved in recent years. The compressor cycles on and off as the box warms and cools. The amount of time it runs depends on the unit, whether it is raw-water or air cooled, and the amount and type of insulation encasing the cold compartment. While these units draw relatively little current, the total amperage draw over a 24-hour period can be more than the boat's electrical system can handle. A close evaluation of your boat's battery size and recharge capability is in order when installing a 12v DC refrigeration system.

Thermoelectric systems. Thermoelectric refrigeration is the exception to the rule and uses no refrigerant. It is also 12v DC powered but uses what is known as the Peltier effect and has no moving parts except a heat-dissipating fan. These quiet units can last a lifetime, and installation is simple, but they're not for every boat. They're far less efficient than other types, requiring more amps to cool a box. They'll cool the box to 40 to 50 degrees below ambient temperature, which is inadequate for the tropics and other hot weather areas, and possibly not worth the power drain.

Holding plate systems. Engine-driven systems with holding plates are the most powerful system for those wanting deep freezes and lots of ice. The compressor typically runs only once or twice a day for short periods, assuming adequate insulation in the box. However, the initial cost is far more than the cost of a 12v DC unit and it is more complicated, so there's a greater potential for problems. If you consider an engine-driven compressor, factor in the cost of labor of mounting the compressor on the engine itself rather than on a nearby stringer. This allows the compressor to vibrate and move with the engine, resulting in less wear and tear on bearings. Also consider that you will not want the compressor to block access to other components. Usually this type of unit is installed by qualified professionals while other types of 12-volt units are easier to install by a "do-it-yourselfer." Some units have two refrigerant channels in the holding plates with the option of separate AC or DC run compressors for use when plugged in to the dock.

Look for marine-grade construction materials. Most holding plates are made of electropolished or powder-coated stainless steel which is corrosion-resistant and attractive. Water-cooled condensers exposed to seawater should be made of a noncorrosive material such as cupronickel. Marine-grade materials add to the initial cost of the unit, but if you're going to make this kind of investment, buy a dependable unit that will last. Check the manufacturer's warranty — longer is better.

Powering A Refrigerator

There are basically three options when it comes to powering refrigeration: 1. AC units that are powered either from a shore power connection or generator, 2. DC units that run from a boat's battery bank, and 3. engine-driven units that have a compressor powered by a belt running from the engine.

Most 12v DC units come with an air-cooled condenser, although a water-cooled condenser, often an upgrade, is preferable, especially in warmer climates. Water cooling is more efficient, so you get greater cooling capacity with a smaller unit, and they can be installed almost anywhere. Air-cooled condensers must be mounted where they can be ventilated to dissipate the high heat removed from the ice box. For 12vDC running at dockside, simply plug in your battery charger and replace the battery power you're using. Away from the dock, your primary consideration is how often and how long you must run your engine to have ice and cold food. Having a dedicated battery bank for your refrigeration unit is a good idea, but remember that you still have to run your engine, generator, or have a wind generator or solar panel to recharge the battery. You can increase your options with an AC/DC refrigerator or icemaker. The dual-voltage units switch from AC to DC automatically when the AC power source is shut off.

Converting An Icebox

If you plan to convert your existing ice box to a refrigerator and/or freezer using a conversion kit, pay special attention to the box's insulation. Heat loss through leakage can be cut in half by increasing the insulation from 2 to 6 inches. Most refrigeration manufacturers will be happy to provide you with good information for properly insulating and/or building an ice box for use with their units.

Portable units can be a popular alternative for some boats that do not have space for a permanently installed refrigerator. They're a smaller, lighter, and a convenient alternative to hauling that heavy, bulky cooler of ice on every outing. But, typically, they don’t cool as well as a permanently installed unit.

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Best Marine Refrigerators

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

May 4, 2023

‍ ‍ ‍ Key Takeaways

• Most marine refrigerators have reliable energy efficiency and great cooling ability
• Avoid brands that have bad marine refrigerator reviews and poor customer service
• Many brands offer options for a power source and are compatible with a solar panel
• Take measurements of your desired space for a fridge and get one that is space saving
• Some boaters like a silent operation if it is near where they sleep

‍ Long boating trips are best when you can save food with a boat refrigerator. So who makes the best marine refrigerator?

The best marine refrigerators are the Costway Compact Fridge, Alpicool C20, and ICECO VL60. Marine refrigerator brands make various sizes, with different prices, and intended use to compliment your boat. Depending on your intended use will matter to the efficiency of the boat fridge.

In my experience, a boat fridge saves you money with storing groceries and keeping drinks cold on a hot day. If you plan on spending more than a day on a boat then you should try to find the best marine refrigerator for you.

Table of contents

‍ ‍ ‍ The Top 11 Best Marine Refrigerators

The most efficient marine refrigeration system is indispensable to boating enthusiasts who consider life on water their mantra. Marine fridges can elevate the experience of seafarers and dock dwellers alike while also maintaining the palatability of consumables regardless of the voyage's duration.

Optimal marine refrigerators, such as those outlined below, guarantee the sustenance of provisions during extended expeditions. With portable refrigerators or ones you install for boating, your galley is no longer confined to the shore.

Costway Compact Car Freezer

This cost-effective fridge packs a punch and is perfect for extended camping or fishing expeditions with impressive cooling abilities and ample storage capacity even in extreme heat. It can function as a fridge or freezer and operates efficiently with portable solar panels.

The roomy interior can accommodate beverages and fresh ingredients. Some users reported that the AC adapter’s lifespan is a concern and occasional temperature problems have been reported.

• Lower cost compared to other marine refrigerators
• Solid amount of space inside
• Energy efficient
• AC adapter could be better
• Temperature settings can move off of desired number

​​Alpicool C20

The Alpicool marine refrigerator boasts a lot of positives. It offers power-saving with its ECO mode and uses roughly 240 watts over the course of an entire day.

After disconnecting from a power source you can still have it powered through a battery and even use solar if you have that setup. It is a little on the small side but perfect for just one or two people wanting to keep their food cold.

• Does not use a lot of power throughout the day
• Lightweight and quiet
• Great job at providing cold air
• Not as large as other marine fridges
• Some may not want a portable refrigerator

A handful of user reviews have stated that this marine refrigerator is something that they would consider tough and made out of marine grade materials. This is a great option for chilled food items on both land and sea no matter the ambient temperature.

It can withstand the elements but do not leave it out for long periods of time in direct weather ailments. If you are looking for the best marine refrigerator this should be on your list if you are needing more holland capacity.

• Plenty of storage to hold cold food
• No problems keeping cold air and can run off of various power sources
• Quality materials making it very durable
• Fan might be loud for some
• More expensive compared to smaller models

Black + Decker Compact Refrigerator

This top brand mini fridge offers pleasant surprises in its compact form. User reviews noted that it kept food and drinks cool throughout a week-long fishing trip while even accommodating extra bottles with smart use of space.

It runs silently and has long-lasting durability. This makes it worth its 70-watt power usage for consistent cooling and ample capacity.

• Reliable cooling from reputable brand
• Proven to last years
• Has a freezer and is quiet
• Eats more power compared to other competing marine refrigerators
• Some users reported the freezer is too small

Ausranvik 63 Quart Portable Marine Refrigerator

Ausravik brings a quality marine refrigerator to the table with its solid cooling capabilities and slightly less in price compared to other brands. It can be used with a variety of power sources to get the job done.

It also has a great feature that will not slam your fingers down with the lid open. This is perfect for families or if you prefer to save your own fingers. You can also find this in various sizes that can meet your cold air and food capacity goals.

• Quick cooling and has low power consumption
• Good capacity depending on size purchased
• Great idea for the anti-pinch feature
• Temperature readings can be off sometimes
• Materials might not hold up in rough conditions

ENGEL Portable Marine Refrigerator

Engel has a history of making quality ice chests and this is right on par with the other quality items they have made. As a portable marine refrigerator this is an excellent choice.

It is well-designed and sturdy enough to handle tough conditions you might experience on the water. It also performs well as it is energy efficient and a not noisy at all. The only drawback seems to be the latches and they might have to be replaced after years of heavy use.

• Quality brand that was able to make another great product
• Silent and energy efficient
• Users have held onto this for over five years or longer
• Latches might have to be replaced after a few years

Whynter Portable Refrigerator

This marine fridge is perfect for traveling and cruising for long periods at a time. Its low power draw, versatility, and cooling capability make it a reliable choice.

It can run on both 110V AC and 12/24V DC power sources without needing to switch wires. It can quickly cool food items to -10 degrees in an hour in a 90-degree ambient temperature. Its robust construction and quiet operation are also notable.

• Great value for the price
• Quiet and can run off multiple power sources
• Quickly cools to desired settings
• A bit heavy when loaded down
• Temperature settings can be off after years of use

VBENLEM Portable Refrigerator

This portable fridge holds more than plenty due to its dual zone design and also saves energy. The electronic temperature control allows you to easily set the desired temperature.

The fridge even has an app for you to control or check on settings. It is durable and comes with an adapter to plug into various outlets for power.

• Plenty of storage
• An app that you control and easy to operate digital display
• Cools fast and is energy efficient
• Draws power even when turned off
• App may be confusing at times

Dometic Waeco Coolmatic

This adaptable and energy-efficient fridge/freezer outshines some of its weaknesses. It perfectly fits boats that have limited space and it seamlessly shifts between functions while saving power at only 48 watts.

The interior space is disappointing but it makes up for it if you are able to maneuver items in a certain way. The power cord is too short and requires an extension if needing to make it work in a given spot.

• Can use as a freezer
• Great cooling capacity
• Can fit on smaller vessels
• Small interior
• Power cord is short and requires extension

EdgeStar Convertible Refrigerator

EdgeStar’s convertible marine refrigerator is compact, durable, and perfect for cooling and freezing needs. With quick cooling abilities that will not drain your boat’s power it is a great option for short trips.

It also could be a convenient backup freezer for fresh produce since it features insulation that rivals traditional fridges. The locking feature and stainless steel finish demonstrate the care put into its design. The compressor did take up a bit more space than desired.

• Great cooling capabilities
• Solid locking feature
• Better if it had more storage space

Norcold 751

This Norcold marine fridge impresses with its sturdy build and generous capacity. Despite a slightly high power draw the cooling performance is superb after fitting an auxiliary fan.

The modern and minimalistic style fits well with most boat cabin styles. It can easily fit in a center console and perfect on a three-day fishing trip.

• Performs well to cool
• Great amount if interior space
• Modern style fridge
• Handles will likely break after a period of time

How to Find the Best Marine Refrigerators

Finding a marine fridge for you will take some time and patience. There are a plethora of options to consider and you will need to understand the intended use for it.

Most metal or stainless steel products indicate a refrigerator's durability. Some major brands offer a various warranties that help make it less of a concern. Look for marine refrigerators that are both stylish and long-lasting.

Type of Power and Use

Numerous 12V refrigerators can run on house batteries or switch between AC/DC. Power consumption varies based on insulation and compressor cycling.

In long-distance cruising you should aim for efficient systems. A propane marine refrigerator will have a fire/explosion risks and pilot lights must be monitored.

Amount of Space

Check the dimensions of potential ice chests, especially if space is limited. Mini marine fridges are usually compact enough but sailboat refrigeration systems may take up a lot of room.

Ensure your sailboat refrigerator fits the designated space in your cabin by measuring it precisely. You should also consider the additional space that a marine drawer fridge will require when opened.

Intended Use

For tougher environments you should aim for a stronger refrigerator. Determine the required capacity by considering if you will be cooking frequently or only storing drinks.

A regular cooler may be sufficient for drinks and then you can utilize the marine fridge. A marine refrigeration kit can enhance performance and its power consumption.

Ease of Transportation

If marine fridges are heavy then they will be a chore to carry often. Frequent use of a lightweight icebox by travelers and boaters makes it easier to carry along on trips.

How Much Sound

Compressor refrigerators are generally louder than absorption-based ones. Most consumers prefer brands that prioritize low running noise despite using compressors. This becomes especially important if the fridge will be running overnight near where you are sleeping.

Budget always plays a role in everything you do. Most boaters want to be able to get a good deal on a marine fridge without breaking the bank.

If you are able to calculate your finances then you should be able to judge your budget range. Keep in mind that the most expensive options are not always the best and that you should do enough research to best fit your needs.

Benefits to Having a Boat Refrigerator

A marine refrigerator provides the same benefits as a home fridge while out at sea and allows for fresh meals. Investing in a heavy-duty refrigerator can provide long-term health benefits and eliminate the need for constantly adding ice.

Although marine fridges have a high price tag and consume a lot of power they offer uninterrupted cooling and eliminate the need for constant re-icing like with a cooler. A standard cooler is more cost-effective in the long run since marine refrigerators require a continuous power supply.

Having one for a fishing trip is a great idea if you are wanting to harvest the fish soon after catching. You would be able to store them after cleaning in your fridge for safe keeping.

How to Take Care of Your Marine Sailboat Refrigerator

Many of these fridges are self-contained and small but it is wise to seek expert assistance to maintain the refrigerant and compressor. You should also have them checked annually and not left out in the elements if possible.

While you are using them you should inspect the seals for any damage and defrost units with a freezer. This allows you to maintain proper humidity levels and cooling capabilities without having your fridge use too much energy.

You should also look for moisture that could cause unwanted mold, bacteria, and pests. The most common places for mold to grow would be where the door closes. This could mean you have an issues with the seal but that would be an easy fix.

Various Types of Marine Refrigerators

There are a handful of marine refrigerators on the market that cater to specific uses. It is important to know what type you are interested in so that you do not purchase one needing special attention upon setting up.

Portable Units

It is easy to understand why portable refrigerators are so popular among vessels that are mobile. They are easy to install, operate right out of the box, and come with their own batteries or compatible with yours.

They are cheaper and more flexible than conventional marine refrigeration options. Some use isotherm marine refrigeration which is known for boosting cooling efficiency and can even be converted from a standard refrigerator using a boat fridge kit.

Cold and Holding Plates

Marine cold plate refrigeration provides an efficient cooling without needing constant operation. Choosing between eutectic and an evaporator plate involves trade offs such as an eutectic plates cool slowly but keep temperature longer and  evaporator plates cool fast but lose cold quickly.

Choosing holding plate systems to cool your engine efficiently and can also retain temperatures for hours with proper insulation. These offer great ice retention but note their higher cost and power consumption compared to other sailboat refrigeration options.

Thermoelectric and Propane

Thermoelectric systems draw excessive power for modest cooling, struggle with temperature control, and are restricted to certain boat types. They boast longevity even though they are not the best in the other categories.

They typically can last for decades and even the entire lifespan of a vessel. Keep in mind of their enormous amount of power use due to their unconventional refrigerant-free approach.

Propane is considered risky by some boaters but it is still a viable option for many. Proper safety measures ensure reliability as long as you are keeping an eye on things.

Some marine absorption fridges will utilize a cutting-edge technology that eliminates compressors and fans for noiseless operation. An absorption fridge will harness low-grade heat to power most of the cooling and provide a great alternative for energy hogging fridges.

Are Marine Refrigerators Easy to Install?

Installing a self-contained drop-in refrigerator is easy since the compressor is included. Most featured products either have no separate compressor or none at all. Assembly of Isotherm fridges is best done by a professional unless you are confident in tackling that.

These types of refrigerators are commonly portable and ready to use once plugged in without any additional setup required. It is important to consider a variety of factors such as power source, size, location, and loading style when placing built-in fridges.

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Marine Refrigeration Options for Boats and Yachts: What’s Available? 

Finding the best refrigerator or freezer for your boat or yacht can be a surprisingly difficult challenge. Through our over forty-five years in business as a marine refrigeration manufacturer, Frigibar has recognized that the most difficult aspect of finding the right unit is knowing what’s available from manufacturers, and then deciding what type of option will fit your exact needs.

We’ve put together this list of all of your options for marine refrigeration systems broken down by style. We also highlight companies in addition to Frigibar who manufacture marine refrigeration systems.

Regardless of whether you’re building a vessel from scratch, just looking to upgrade your freezer, or refurbishing a historic beauty back to her original state, this guide will outline the different styles and companies in the industry, helping you to find the perfect fit for your vessel.

Styles of Refrigerators and Freezers

There are nine popular styles of marine refrigerator and freezer systems in all different price ranges and of varying finishes. Choosing the style that will best fit your boat is just the first step in finding the right freezer or refrigerator, but a very important one to make before moving on to the next step of the process, which is finding the ideal size and manufacturer.

Bench-Style

A bench-style freezer is one of the most useful types of marine freezers. They conveniently fit in many locations, including the deck or galley, provide significant storage space, and their short stature keeps them from obstructing views. Bench-style units are also common among fish boxes, dock boxes, and ice chests.

A primary benefit of bench-style freezers is their versatility, as many can be customized to double as a seating option. Frigibar, for example, offers custom cushions as an upgrade to maximize your available seating space.

Bench-style units can range anywhere from 30-80” long and are usually around 20-22” wide and 17”-24” tall. This is the preferred style of freezer at Frigibar due to its versatility, durability, and ease of use.

The upright freezers and refrigerators used in our homes are also manufactured for the marine industry. Pictured is an Electrolux upright freezer. Similar to the ones found in our homes, you can also find combination units that are both freezers and refrigerators.

While they bring the comfort of home to your boat, upright units require a location on your vessel with proper height clearance, are typically located in the galley, and are not designed to be moved from one location on your boat to another. They are not recommended for outdoor use on your dock or bow.

Portable freezers allow greater versatility than other refrigeration options and are among the most inexpensive options. There is a wide variety of portable units in terms of size, price, and quality.

These self-contained units are constructed from durable plastics and there are many styles available. Portable units are easily purchased online and at large marine supply stores like WestMarine.com. Many run off of a traditional outlet plug or a cigarette lighter. A built-in control panel and temperature readouts to make sure your food is kept at a safe temperature are some of the features you may find on higher end portable refrigerator/freezer options.

Pictured above is a portable Koolatron Krusader, which can be used to both cool and warm drinks and food.

Portable options are convenient for day trips and when in a pinch when a little extra space is needed or for a simple specific purpose — like keeping a couple of packs of beer cold while fishing for a few hours. Depending on the brand and intended purpose, their lifespans, power options and power consumption levels will vary.

Compact/Mini-Fridge

Small and compact refrigeration options are popular for vessels due to the limited amount of space that is available. Compact refrigerators and freezers, also known as a mini-fridge, can weigh around 60 pounds and have mounting options to fix the unit onto your vessel. Pictured below is a Dometic CR-1050, and retails for around $1,000.

Similar to portable options, mini-fridges have limited space, but can provide a safe and longer term cooling and freezing option than most portable units. If choosing to go with a compact option, purchase a unit intended for a boat, as it will run more efficiently than household units and traditionally last longer because they are built with materials specifically designed to be on a vessel. This option usually provides a refrigerator compartment as the main storage area, with a small freezer compartment at the top of the unit. There are, however, products in this category that come as a full freezer or only a refrigerator to suit your needs.

Wine coolers or wine refrigerators also fit into this category and are of similar size. They are designed specifically for storing wine at optimal temperatures and are a popular option for yacht owners.

Side-by-Side

Pictured above is a Nova Kool side-by-side refrigerator/freezer. Side-by-side units are often found on houseboats and can be both compact or full size for the galley. They offer more room and versatility than a single compact refrigerator or freezer.

Drawer units are stylish and can be hidden behind an attractive exterior door or paneling. Premium models can provide both refrigeration and freezing options without having to find a large space to place the unit. This option has become increasingly popular and there are many styles of drawer freezer/refrigerators available. The pictured drawer unit is an Isotherm Drawer 65 refrigerator and freezer, and is available at SailorSams.com, which also offers Frigibar freezers.

Conversion Kits

Conversion kits allow you to turn a standard icebox into a refrigerator or freezer. Pictured above are the Frigibar LectricIceman models (“EVH” left, and “A/E” right). The LectricIceman are DC marine icebox conversion kits and are highly efficient.

When purchasing a conversion kit, pay close attention to the maximum size of box the kit will accommodate and if there is a freezer compartment, which our EVH model does not have but the Frigibar A/E LectricIceman does have. There are a few important factors when converting an existing compartment into a freezer or refrigerator. Making sure the conditions of the space you wish to convert meet important requirements will determine how effective this option is for your vessel. View Frigibar’s conversion kits here .

Drop-In Freezer

A drop-in freezer is a fully-functioning freezer system that can be “dropped-in” to an existing space fit for the freezer. Pictured above is an Engel top-opening drop-in freezer unit. Dimensions need to be carefully measured before installation and compressor mounting needs to be considered before choosing a unit that will work for your boat. Top opening freezers and refrigerators are more efficient than front opening units since the cold air does not fall out of the unit when the door is open. If you are limited on space and not able to swing open a front-mounted door, this style of top-opening freezer could be a great solution.

Every boat owner, captain, and crew are unique. To get the most out of your adventures on the water, you may prefer a completely custom marine refrigeration system. Companies like Frigibar have been making custom systems for over 45 years.

The best place to start is by knowing the exact dimensions of the space you have available and what style and material you’d like your custom unit to be. You can then approach builders and manufacturers to get quotes and feedback on what is possible. If considering a DIY project, consult with a certified refrigeration technician to avoid common pitfalls and to make sure you aren’t getting into a time-consuming and costly project you aren’t prepared for.

Pricing/Quality

Ultimately, your decision as to what refrigerator or freezer is best for your vessel will come down to the space you have available , the style of system desired, what you want to use the unit for, and price.

Consider the company you’re purchasing from and their specialized niche. At Frigibar, we’ve focused on marine refrigeration options for the marine industry for over four decades. We know what will function properly on your deck in 100-degree weather out on the ocean and what will best fit your week-long or month-long international voyage or weekend jaunt in the bay.

You should also have a firm grasp on the company’s warranty options and if their units are serviceable by any certified refrigeration technician. At Frigibar we feel the more information you have on the options available, the better decision you will be equipped to make. We are happy to help guide you towards the best solution for your refrigeration needs even if it’s not ours. If you’re looking for additional information and would like to speak with someone directly, Frigibar is here to answer your questions. Call us at 305-757-7697.

Marine Refrigeration Companies

• Frigibar Industries, Inc.
• West Marine
• CoolBlue Marine Refrigeration
• Bowman Refrigeration
• Integrated Marine Systems

Additional Marine Refrigeration Resources on Your Available Options:

• Selecting Refrigeration for Your Boat
• Choosing the Perfect Refrigeration for your Boat
• Marine Refrigeration

Also watch “ What Should I Consider When Looking for a Freezer for My Boat? ”

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Fine-tuning Fridge Efficiency

A look at refer controls and marine refrigeration trends..

Right alongside turning lead into gold and the quest for perpetual motion, the sailors hunt for low-energy ways to keep things cold resides in the realm of too good to be true. Yes, sailboat refrigeration systems can be made more efficient, and skippers can reshuffle the way in which cooling-or more accurately, heat removal-takes place. But the fact remains that turning water into ice demands energy, and that energy has to come from somewhere.

In this update to our marine refrigeration tests (PS, April and June 2009), we evaluate a new product and review recent trends in marine refrigeration. We also look at why manufacturers have settled on electrically driven, hermetically sealed compressors and larger battery banks and alternators.

Fridges gobble amps. With large battery banks, you can get away with a weekend amp-hour splurge, and hold off on serious charging until youre back in your boat slip. You might even get away with this for weekends in a row without needing to buy a high-output alternator. But when a long-term cruise is in the cards, trying to manage energy input and output becomes an electron juggling act.

A small DC compressor seems modest in current demand, often rated at around 4 or 5 amps when running in a 12-volt DC system. However, the devil is in the details, and in this case, the killer is the duty cycle, or how long the unit actually runs during a 24-hour period. Ambient temperature, run time, box size, and insulation efficiency help dictate the actual number of watts or amp-hours consumed. Theres a big difference in energy demand between those cruising Maine in May with a well-insulated refrigerator and those roaming around Florida in the summer with a poorly insulated box. The energy demand of the latter can easily double that of the former.

In the days of mechanical refrigeration, when belt-driven automotive air-conditioning compressors were bolted to the diesel, box temperature was like a bipolar mood swing.

At the heart of the problem was the hour or two of engine run time required to freeze the eutectic solution in the holding plate(s). Like metal sequels to block ice, the plates kept the fridge cold while the engine was off. Run time revolved around cooling capacity, and because the process wasnt temperature regulated, freezing the lettuce and melting the ice cream was accepted as part of the excitement of boating.

The upside of the mechanical approach was rapid cooling and low electrical demand of these systems. In a way, mechanical refrigeration was quite a miracle-when it worked. Unfortunately, maintenance costs often surpassed the cost of the unit itself. Multiple belts, brackets, hose connections, and junctions kept so-called freon jockeys in high demand.

The trend today is toward more reliable, electrically driven compressors that automatically cycle on and off. Temperature ranges are more tightly controlled; lettuce doesn’t freeze, and the ice cream stays hard. Impromptu freezer parties have become a thing of the past, but the cost of reliable, temperature-stable refrigeration involves a hefty investment in a battery bank (12- or 24-volt DC) and charging system.

As marine refrigeration guru Mike Adler predicted 30 years ago, Danfosss hermetically sealed compressors (BD35F and BD50F) are now the standard for sailboats. This design, which places the electric motor, drive shaft, and compressor in an airtight canister, eliminates an old Achilles heel-unnerving leaks at the driveshaft seal. Replacing the mechanical commutator with an electronic controller was another big evolutionary step.

These rugged little units get high reliability ratings, but their capacity for heat removal-measured in British thermal units (BTU)-is quite modest. (One BTU equals the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water l degree.)

When compared with bygone, mechanically driven compressors, the modest Danfoss units perform like a trusty 3-horsepower outboard next to a 9.9-horsepower kicker. Both will get you from A to B, but the former will have to run a lot longer.

Intelligent Control

A new trend toward smart controllers make the Danfoss units even more efficient by automatically conforming to the vessels varied charging routine. This involves altering compressor RPM to make better use of surplus energy. Built into these aftermarket compressor control units is a means to vary the RPM rate. When the controller senses higher voltage associated with charging, it speeds up the compressor, allowing more refrigerant to pass through the evaporator or holding plate.

Danfoss introduced its own automatic control module in 2003, but few fridge manufacturers incorporated it into their systems. More recently, entrepreneurial engineers began tweaking the control algorithms and introducing their own controllers.

In the April 2009 issue, we tested the programmable Sensistat from SCAD Marine ($300), and in the June 2009 fridge test, we looked at the Frigoboat Speed Board ($40), a simple controller that lets you manually adjust the RPM on a Danfoss-compressor. Both products proved advantageous for certain types of cruising sailors.

This month, we look at the $150 automatic Smart Energy Controller (SEC) from Isotherm, a division of Indel-Webasto and a major player in the marine and RV markets. Generally, the controllers functions overlap those of the Sensistat, which has a little more programming flexibility and a digital display. Frigoboat has since introduced the Merlin ($135), an automatic controller similar to the Isotherm SEC.

Isotherms engineers recognize that an alternator puts out its maximum charge rate for a very short period. Once the batteries have reached a certain state of charge, the alternator (or any other DC power source) offers a source of untapped energy. By creating smart refrigeration controllers that can sense these periods of electrical abundance, more efficient cooling can take place.

Conversely, when the batteries arent charging, the smart controller can dial back the RPM of the compressor and use less current. The slowest RPM for a Danfoss BD35F or 50F compressor is 2,000 RPM; the highest is 3,500 RPM. The default setting on most off-the-shelf fridge packages varies, but is usually set around 2,500 RPM. The current requirements of running at the maximum 3,500 RPM are significant. We recorded a 50-percent increase in power usage when the charging voltage rose to 14.6 volts and the compressor automatically jumped from the default of about 2,500 RPM to the maximum. One of our aims was to find out just how much cooling benefit we got from those extra RPM.

Back in April 2006, our evaluation of the Danfoss BD35F and 50F hermetically sealed compressors and evaporator systems showed why these systems have a firm hold on the marine refrigeration market. They are very reliable, efficient and nearly silent partners aboard a sailboat. The aluminum evaporators will corrode, but we have had units go well beyond the decade milestone.

That test was our first experience with the Frigoboat Smart Board. Easy to install, the Smart Board plugged right into male spade connectors on the Danfoss controller box. A potentiometer allowed the user to manually change the compressor from 2,000 to 3,500 RPMs.

As the coefficient of performance (COP) curves for the Danfoss BD50 indicate (see table), theres slightly more efficiency gained at the low end of the RPM range. Running the maximum RPM amounted to approximately a 60-percent increase in BTU removal rate (at 30 degrees), but the jump from lowest to highest RPM results in an 80-percent increase in power demand. Dialing up the RPM manually works, so long as you are paying close attention to the state of your battery.

Like the Smart Board, the Isotherm SEC regulates compressor RPM spanning the 2,000 to 3,500 range. But it does it automatically. At the low end, less current is consumed but less coolant is circulated through the evaporator or holding plate. By changing the resistance in the controller, the RPM can be increased, sending more 134A through the system, and boosting capacity.

In order to determine whether or not the Isotherm SECs automated approach made sense, we looked at co-efficient of performance curves for the BD50F compressor and did our own testing to validate input/output energy ratios. In short, we tracked how power (watts) fed to the compressor linked to cooling changes in the evaporator.

At the end of the day, we found that efficiency is more a matter of timing than compressor RPM. Ideally, every time you need maximum chill to cool down those warm beverages, you have extra amps available. And every time you drop the hook, your fridge is full of frozen peas acting as eutectic solution and slowing down the loss of heat. Fridge temperature, availability of extra charging amps, and efficient thermostatic control can be merged to find a sweet spot.

Isotherm touts at least a 35-percent power savings, up to 50 percent when combined with the cooling effects of stored energy in food and drinks. We found we could increase efficiency by 15 to 25 percent using the Isotherm, and about 35 percent when chilled food or drinks were helping keep the box cold.

As might be assumed, the unit used more power at higher compressor RPM than at low RPM. In the 20- to 45-

degree temperature range, increasing from 2,000 RPM to 3,500-RPM gobbled up roughly 4.5 amps. Looking at the coefficients of performance in this range shows that the energy savings at low RPM and the capacity increase at higher RPM balance out, regardless of RPM. More energy equals more capacity.

As long as extra alternator capacity is available, optimum battery charging and full-power Danfoss operation can coexist. A 20-minute run into or out of the harbor wont be much help. But when motoring through a calm, or enjoying a midday spike in solar-panel or wind-generator output, banking this extra energy as extra coolness in the box will ease the load on the battery bank. These energy-abundant periods are also the time to load up the warm beer or stick some water in trays to make ice cubes.

Insulation is the other side of the efficiency coin, and it involves no moving parts and no electrical consumption to run. We are always surprised by how many new-boat manufacturers tout the cubic footage of the box but fail to mention insulation specs. Some have the refrigerator next to the engine compartment, while others place the refer/freezer up against the black gel-coated hull. Fridge design is worth more serious consideration.

The real villain when it comes to low-energy refrigeration is how much warm stuff to keep putting in the box. It makes sense to avoid loading up the fridge with warm groceries during the time of day with the highest current demand.

Keep in mind that battery bank discharge is not linear, and just because you might be able to draw 5 amps for 24 hours before a fully charged house bank is fully discharged, this doesn’t mean that you can draw 20 amps for six hours. Both scenarios amount to 120 amp hours of current use, but battery capacity is much greater when the rate of energy withdrawal is lower. Therefore, make sure that you stuff in the warm groceries when the other loads on the house bank are at their lowest, or even better, when youre motoring or when alternate energy inputs are peaking.

For the BTU-conscious cruiser who cares about hoarding amps, the $150 spent on the Isotherm SEC can yield returns, but not miracles. Based on our tests, a vigilant cruiser with a well-designed fridge and ample charging capability could do fine with a manual control or none at all, but the key word is vigilant. With so many other systems to track onboard, sometimes its nice to let someone else watch the fridge for us.

isotherm, 800/394-3954, www.isothermengineering.com

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The World of Isotherm Refrigeration

Isotherm provides an unrivalled range of marine refrigeration solutions whose energy efficiency, quality and design features are highly valued by the marine industry worldwide.

Isotherm products are exclusively manufactured using high quality components. The wide product range consists of refrigerators and freezers, built-in and travel boxes, wine cellars, as well as customized solutions for more comfort on board. For best cooling performances, option of using air or seawater for efficient heat removal is always available.

Our brand Isotherm is internationally known and enjoys an excellent reputation on the market for quality and design. It constitutes a major asset for our international distribution network. Isotherm offers a unique value proposition in the marine refrigeration industry.

High-quality refrigeration systems

Isotherm CRUISE refrigerators and freezers are the result of careful research. Our marine refrigerators operate under tough conditions: they must withstand violent movement, operate noiselessly, be thoroughly reliable – and perhaps the most important of all – consume an absolute minimum of battery power.

Easy access to food and drinks

The convenient DRAWER openings allow an easy access to food and drinks. An extraordinary stylish design and robust mechanisms round up these highly functional units.

Exclusive Energy Saving Technology

A wide range of energy management solutions to provide clever power savings on board

Keep Cool with Our Compact Marine Refrigeration Systems

Enjoy the most advanced and complete selection available on the market, capable to match any cooling demand. Free your layouts and get maximum benefits of your onboard space!

Enjoy life at the perfect temperature

Enjoy cold drinks anywhere with our travel boxes . All Isotherm Travel Boxes offer great capacities to store food and drinks on board, on the road, at the campsite, or in the home.

Serving drinks on board is great. But being able to serve them with ice cubes is even better. By offering two different models with two different technologies, customers can choose between clear ice and white ice. The model IceDrink Clear uses the spray technology for up to 40 pounds of clear ice, while the IceDrink White produces up to 22 pounds of white ice cubes.

Wine Cellars & Cooler

Isotherm offers cellars of two different sizes (23 and 35 bottles) and a wine cooler Divino The One for one bottle. Both 23 and 35 bottles wine cellars can be built into the dressers or columns of modular furniture with no alteration of furniture design. For a perfect integration, the profile of the door is totally lined up with the doors of the furniture. Divino The One is an integrated wine cooler that keeps wine perfectly chilled during service.

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2.6 GPM Water Pressure System

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2.6 GPM Self-priming automatic electric pumps with helical PTFE gears, integrated check valve and electronic control. Nickel-plated brass body and stainless steel shaft. Main applications: fresh water pressure systems and shower kits on boats, rubber dinghies, sailing boats and campers.